Neurologic manifestations of the neglected tropical diseases

Berkowitz, Aaron L.; Raibagkar, Pooja; Pritt, Bobbi S.; Mateen, Farrah J.

doi:10.1016/j.jns.2015.01.001

Cited by 53 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 125 publications

(120 reference statements)

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“…In some individuals, low levels of intracellular parasites continue to proliferate and persist in tissues for decades, remaining asymptomatic, which results in the establishment of a chronic infection (8,10). In ϳ30% of chronic disease cases, patients develop significant complications, which may include megacolon, neurological complications, and cardiomyopathy that is characterized by an enlargement of the heart, ventricular arrhythmias, and eventual death due to general heart failure (11,12). Infants and newborns are the demographic group with the highest risk of developing a chronic infection (8,13).…”

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confidence: 99%

Characterization and Diagnostic Application of Trypanosoma cruzi Trypomastigote Excreted-Secreted Antigens Shed in Extracellular Vesicles Released from Infected Mammalian Cells

et al. 2017

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Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, although endemic in many parts of Central and South America, is emerging as a global health threat through the potential contamination of blood supplies. Consequently, in the absence of a gold standard assay for the diagnosis of Chagas disease, additional antigens or strategies are needed. A proteomic analysis of the trypomastigote excreted-secreted antigens (TESA) associated with exosomal vesicles shed by T. cruzi identified ϳ80 parasite proteins, with the majority being trans-sialidases. Mass spectrometry analysis of immunoprecipitation products performed using Chagas immune sera showed a marked enrichment in a subset of TESA proteins. Of particular relevance for diagnostic applications were the retrotransposon hot spot (RHS) proteins, which are absent in Leishmania spp., parasites that often confound diagnosis of Chagas disease. Interestingly, serological screens using recombinant RHS showed a robust immunoreactivity with sera from patients with clinical stages of Chagas ranging from asymptomatic to advance cardiomyopathy and this immunoreactivity was comparable to that of crude TESA. More importantly, no cross-reactivity with RHS was detected with sera from patients with malaria, leishmaniasis, toxoplasmosis, or African sleeping sickness, making this protein an attractive reagent for diagnosis of Chagas disease.

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confidence: 99%

Characterization and Diagnostic Application of Trypanosoma cruzi Trypomastigote Excreted-Secreted Antigens Shed in Extracellular Vesicles Released from Infected Mammalian Cells

et al. 2017

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“…30 Neurological manifestations can occur in 16 out of 17 neglected tropical diseases. 31 In many cases, only psychiatric symptoms are observed so there is a high risk for diagnosing a primary psychiatric illness, particularly if the patients (e.g., travellers, soldiers or immigrants from Africa) are treated in Western countries, where most psychiatrists do not know these diseases. Of course not all psychiatric disorders can be explained by parasite infections, but it is important to consider them before diagnosing schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, etc.…”

Section: Criticism Of the Concept Of 'Liberty Of Illness' From A Neurmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respect for Autonomy in Light of Neuropsychiatry

Müller

2017

Bioethics

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Bioethics needs an elaborated concept of autonomy based on empirical knowledge about the prerequisites of the capacity of autonomy. Whereas Beauchamp and Childress, and many other bioethicists have discussed social influences on the capacity of autonomy in depth, neurobiological influences have received less attention. A comprehensive concept of autonomy should consider both social and biological factors that can diminish the capacity of autonomy. This article focuses on neurobiological influences that can reduce the capacity of autonomy. The thesis of this article is that the integration of neuropsychiatric knowledge into the concept of autonomy is essential for (1) evaluating demands for harmful medical treatments which might be caused by a brain disease, and (2) deciding on involuntary treatments of patients who suffer from substantial lack of autonomy due to neuropsychiatric disorders. Diametrically opposed to such a comprehensive concept of the capacity of autonomy is the concept of 'liberty of illness'. In Germany, this concept is supported not only by anti-psychiatric groups but also by the Federal Constitutional Court. Several real cases demonstrate how the brain can be 'hijacked' by parasites, antibodies or technical devices. Applying the concept of 'liberty of illness' to persons whose decision-making capacity is severely affected by neuropsychiatric disorders is cynical. These patients neither chose their disease nor would refuse effective treatment if their will was not disturbed by the disease. Respect for autonomy should be understood as the positive obligation to save, support or restore the biological prerequisites of the capacity for autonomous decision-making.

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“…Stroke is counted within the broad spectrum of neurological manifestations secondary to NCC . Clinically apparent stroke seems to be rare in NCC , although some published series report it frequencies of up to 12% of Patients with NCC in general, and up to 53% of patients with subarachnoid NCC .…”

Section: Clinical Manifestations Of Nccmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis ofTaenia soliumtaeniasis and cysticercosis

Gonzáles

Rivera

Garcı́a

2016

Parasite Immunology

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Taenia solium infections (taeniasis/cysticercosis) are a major scourge to most developing countries. Neurocysticercosis, the infection of the human nervous system by the cystic larvae of this parasite, has a protean array of clinical manifestations varying from entirely asymptomatic infections to aggressive, lethal courses. The diversity of clinical manifestations reflects a series of contributing factors which include the number, size and location of the invading parasites, and particularly the inflammatory response of the host. This manuscript reviews the different presentations of T. solium infections in the human host with a focus on the mechanisms or processes responsible for their clinical expression.

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Neurologic manifestations of the neglected tropical diseases

Cited by 53 publications

References 125 publications

Characterization and Diagnostic Application of Trypanosoma cruzi Trypomastigote Excreted-Secreted Antigens Shed in Extracellular Vesicles Released from Infected Mammalian Cells

Characterization and Diagnostic Application of Trypanosoma cruzi Trypomastigote Excreted-Secreted Antigens Shed in Extracellular Vesicles Released from Infected Mammalian Cells

Respect for Autonomy in Light of Neuropsychiatry

Pathogenesis ofTaenia soliumtaeniasis and cysticercosis

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