Neuromuscular Activation During Short-Track Speed Skating in Young Athletes

Felser, Sabine; Behrens, Martin; Fischer, Susanne; Baeumler, Mario; Salomon, Ralf; Bruhn, Sven

doi:10.1123/ijspp.2015-0344

Cited by 18 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…Even though experiments without the control group are di cult to interpret, most studies on muscle myolectrical manifestations of fatigue did not include non-training subjects [15,16]. The control group was included in the experiment to analyze muscle asymmetry in skaters against the background of nontraining people, which did help us draw richer conclusions about the studied phenomenon.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymmetrical fatiguing of the gluteus maximus muscles in the elite short-track female skaters.

Konieczny

Pakosz²,

Witkowski

2020

Preprint

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Background According to research, fast skating on short distances increases functional asymmetry of leg muscles. As has been proven in many sporting disciplines, this asymmetry can increase the risk of injury. The aim of the study was to analyze the level of right and left myolectrical manifestations of fatigue asymmetry of gluteus maximus muscle in elite skaters on a short track and to compare this phenomenon to a control group. The muscles were chosen deliberately, due to their influence in maintaining the right position during training on ice.Methods The experiment compared a group of eight members of the Polish Women’s National Team in short track with a group of eight non-training people. The subjects did the Biering-Sorensen test, in which sEMG (surface electromyography) signal frequency was measured in the gluteus maximus muscles during an isometric contraction. Myolectrical manifestations of fatigue slopes were analyzed with a ANOVA with repeated measures. In the skaters, the myolectrical manifestations of fatigue differed between the right and the left gluteus maximus muscles. All the skaters had higher myolectrical manifestations of fatigue in the right leg. This phenomenon was not observed in the non-training subjects, who on average had similar myolectrical manifestations of fatigue in both legs. Results Results showed that the right and the left muscles of the skaters in the experimental group differed in myolectrical manifestations of fatigue, but this difference was non-significant in the control group.The subjects from the two groups did not differ in the myolectrical manifestations of fatigue of the left muscle, they did in the myolectrical manifestations of fatigue of the right muscle. The elite speed-track skaters had higher myolectrical manifestations of fatigue in the right muscle than the non-training subjects.Conclusions Training should thus be planned in a way that minimizes the risk of causing muscle myolectrical manifestations of fatigue asymmetry in skaters despite the typically asymmetrical muscle work during training on ice and competition, thus new training protocols should be developed or considered to decrease that asymmetry.Trial registration The tests were previously approved by the Bioethical Commission of the Chamber of Physicians in Opole. (Resolution No. 235 of 13 December 2016).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymmetrical fatiguing of the gluteus maximus muscles in the elite short-track female skaters.

Konieczny

Pakosz²,

Witkowski

2020

Preprint

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“…These data suggest that only skaters with higher strength in the lower limbs are able to sustain the muscular requirements due to the centripetal acceleration of the trajectories entailing longer curves. 12 This study has some limitations. For example, the Seniors' age presents greater variability compared to the other categories.…”

Section: Duration Of Skating Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Compared to the straight push, the cross-over technique is employed during the curving phases of the race, and requires body inclination with a low position, asymmetric leg actions and strength regulation to bear the centrifugal forces. 2,12 For this reason, it involves an integration of strength and coordinative abilities not yet developed in the younger athletes. 15 Moreover, it means that experienced athletes had the ability to swap from the straight push to the cross-over technique when they were still in the straight part of the track and came back to straight push technique later than younger and less experienced athletes.…”

Section: Duration Of Skating Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11 During the curves, when a cross-over technique is utilized, different involvement of the two lower limbs occurs, characterized by higher contraction intensity of the external lower limb and different ability in stabilizing the knee and ankle joints between the two limbs. 12 Consequently, the straight push and cross-over techniques imply different motor control requirements. 6 Pacing strategy can widely affect performance during a race.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, sudden transitions from straights to curves and vice versa imply quick changes from a straight push to a cross-over technique. 12 This can imply different modulation of trajectories and time spent in each of these sectors, defining a distinctive pacing strategy in this discipline to win the competition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physiological and technical commitment during a 300-m in-line skating trial in athletes of different age categories

Invernizzi

Scurati

Crotti

et al. 2018

J Sports Med Phys Fitness

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BACKGROUND: This study investigated the differences in strength, technique and time performance in in-line skaters of three age categories during a 300 m trial. Possible correlations among these variables were also assessed.METHODS: Thirty-six elite in-line skaters (Cadets, Juniors and Seniors, n=12 each; 14±1, 16±1, and 24±6 years of age, respectively) performed a 300-m trial on an outdoor oval track.Total time (Ttot), 100-m fractions and duration of each skating technique (initial acceleration phase, straight push and cross-over) were recorded. A squat jump (SJ) was performed before and after the trial. Heart rate, blood lactate concentration ([La -]) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were collected before, during and at the end of the trial. RESULTS: Ttot was longer and SJ lower inCadets compared to the other groups. Seniors employed the cross-over technique for a longer period than the straight push technique, compared to Juniors and Cadets. Ttot correlated negatively with SJ in Seniors. The number of significant correlations between skating techniques' duration and both Ttot and SJ increased with age category. No differences among groups were found for heart rate, [La -] and RPE. CONCLUSION: With increasing age category, leg strength appeared to be the more related aspect to skating performance. To improve 300-m in-line skating performance, trainers should pay particular attention to the enhancement of leg strength and cross-over skating technique. Short title: Performance characteristics of in-line skating experiments; collection, analysis and interpretation of data; drafting the article and revising it critically for important intellectual content; final approval of the version to be published. Raffaele SCURATI: Analysis and interpretation of data; drafting the article and revising it critically for important intellectual content; final approval of the version to be published. Matteo CROTTI: Collection, analysis and interpretation of data; revising the article critically for important intellectual content; final approval of the version to be published. Andrea BOSIO: Analysis and interpretation of data; revising the article critically for important intellectual content; final approval of the version to be published. Stefano LONGO: Analysis and interpretation of data; drafting the article and revising it critically for important intellectual content; final approval of the version to be published. Fabio ESPOSITO: Conception and design of the experiments; analysis and interpretation of data; drafting the article and revising it critically for important intellectual content; final approval of the version to be published. Conflict of interests. -The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose. Congresses. -Data from this work have been presented at the VIII SISMES (Società Italiana delle Scienze Motorie e Sportive) Congress held in Rome, Italy, 7 th -9 th October 2016.

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Training induced fatigability assessed by sEMG in Pre-Olympic ice-skaters

Pakosz

Konieczny

2020

Sci Rep

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the aim of this study was to investigate the size of the change and asymmetry in fatigability of gluteus maximus muscles during endurance training in short-track. the research has taken into account the position of athletes during skating and the problem of fatigue and pain in these muscles. the research covered involved eight female athletes of the polish national team in short track, which had been prepared to the olympic Games in pyeongchang. the surface electromyography (seMG) system was used to measure fatigue of right and left gluteus maximus muscles, in the modified Biering-Sorensen test. The test was conducted five times during the training: before training, after warmup, and after each of 3 series of the endurance training. Comparing the mean frequency of the surface electromyography power spectrum of the test, statistically significant reduction of the average frequency value of the right muscle from 55.61 ± 7.08 to 48.64 ± 4.48 Hz and left muscle from 58.78 ± 4.98 to 53.18 ± 4.62 Hz was reported, which prove the muscle fatigue. In subsequent series tests, the sEMG signal frequency of begin decrease more than the end of the each measurement, which determines the fatigue threshold. The size of the d Cohen effect in fatigue drops along with subsequent five tests during the training. Skaters has higher frequency reduction of the right lower limb, which indicates its greater fatigue during skateing. the fatigue and asymmetry in muscle observed in short-track has implications for training and performance. Speed skating has two disciplines that differ in track length and skating technique. In short track, the distance of one lap is 111 m, which is less than one third of the skating track on a long track (400 m). Such a short distance forces the competitors to go along an oval track with high speed and small turn radiuses. During a race at a distance of 1,000 m the short track competitor, when turning, generates twice as large forces as on a long track 1. In order to obtain the best possible result in short track, a successful athlete should reduce his fatiguability. In addition, what also matters are the race tactics, psychological and technical aspects, maximum voluntary contraction force, reaction time and the quality of lower limb muscle coordination 2-4. General body fatigue can affect psychological and physiological aspects. One of the factors of physiological fatigue is muscle fatigue, which is defined as reduction in muscle capacity to perform work, after prior physical effort 5,6. Local muscle fatigue is concentrated mainly on a decrease in contraction force, that is inability of the muscle to generate proper capacity 7. This is an inevitable process, and attempts to reduce it are constantly made. In the literature analysing muscle fatigue, many variants of this process can be found 8 , which also uses surface electromyography and analysis of the sEMG signal frequency of the power spectrum. This method provides useful information on local muscle fatigue 9-12. When the muscle fatigue increases, the num...

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Neuromuscular Activation During Short-Track Speed Skating in Young Athletes

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Asymmetrical fatiguing of the gluteus maximus muscles in the elite short-track female skaters.

Asymmetrical fatiguing of the gluteus maximus muscles in the elite short-track female skaters.

Physiological and technical commitment during a 300-m in-line skating trial in athletes of different age categories

Training induced fatigability assessed by sEMG in Pre-Olympic ice-skaters

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