Neuromuscular Manifestations of Acquired Metabolic, Endocrine, and Nutritional Disorders

Anthropometric Measurements, Metabolic Profile and Physical Fitness in a Sample of Spanish Women with Type 2 Diabetes

“…Diabetic neuropathy is one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus, distal sensory predominant polyneuropathy being the most common. Symptoms can progress slowly, and they include decreased sensibility [42]. Decreased sensibility, so incipient that it might be asymptomatic in daily life activities, may explain this impaired dynamic balance observed in women of our study.…”

“…Although the precise aetiology of diabetes neuropathy remains unknown, the hypotheses state that diabetes affects the peripheral nerves by several mechanisms. One mechanism is that microangiopathy and arteriosclerosis affecting the vasa nervorum cause ischemia to neurons and axons [42]. Stimulation of atherogenesis may be due to modifications of lipids, complement activation (enhancing the inflammatory response), endothelial dysfunction and hypercoagulation (elevated fibrinogen and plasminogen activator inhibitor) [48].…”

“…The inflammatory process induces oxidative stress and reduces cellular antioxidant capacity [52]. Oxidative stress, with excessive accumulation of glycoproteins and polyol flux, induces axonal degeneration [42]. Although the mechanism of the relationship between CRP and hyperglycaemia is not completely clear, it has been shown that higher levels of CRP are associated with diabetic polyneuropathy [53].…”