Neuropeptide Initiated Mast Cell Activation by Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation of Acupoint LI4 in Rats

Chen, Lizhen; Yu, Kuo-Tsong; Zhang, Zhiyun; Wang, Yili; Zhang, Xiaoning; Wang, Xiaoyu; He, Wei; Jing, Xiang-Hong

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-32048-3

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Fluorescent microscopy and electron microscope are less common. The most informative technique enabling to receive maximum data on the structure and functional condition of certain mast cells is fluorescent immunohistochemistry combined with multimarker confocal microscopy [154,[166][167][168]. techniques used for mast cell imaging in biomedical studies and clinical diagnostics, it shows histo-and immunohistochemical reactions to 10 components typical of mast cells and a limited number of other cell elements to be most frequently used as markers of human mast cells.…”

Section: Immunohistochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Modern Imaging Technologies of Mast Cells for Biology and Medicine (Review)

Grigor’ev¹,

Коржевский²

2021

Sovrem Tehnol Med

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Mast cells play an important role in the body defense against allergens, pathogens, and parasites by participating in inflammation development. However, there is evidence for their contributing to the pathogenesis of a number of atopic, autoimmune, as well as cardiovascular, oncologic, neurologic, and other diseases (allergy, asthma, eczema, rhinitis, anaphylaxis, mastocytosis, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory gastrointestinal and pulmonary diseases, migraine, etc.). The diagnosis of many diseases and the study of mast cell functions in health and disease require their identification; so, the knowledge on adequate imaging techniques for mast cells in humans and different species of animals is of particular importance.The present review summarizes the data on major methods of mast cell imaging: enzyme histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, as well as histochemistry using histological stains. The main histological stains bind to heparin and other acidic mucopolysaccharides contained in mast cells and stain them metachromatically. Among these are toluidine blue, methylene blue (including that contained in May-Grünwald-Giemsa stain), thionin, pinacyanol, and others. Safranin and fluorescent dyes: berberine and avidin -also bind to heparin. Longer staining with histological dyes or alcian blue staining is needed to label mucosal and immature mast cells.Advanced techniques -enzyme histochemistry and especially immunohistochemistry -enable to detect mast cells high-selectively using a reaction to tryptases and chymases (specific proteases of these cells). In the immunohistochemical study of tryptases and chymases, species-specific differences in the distribution of the proteases in mast cells of humans and animals should be taken into account for their adequate detection. The immunohistochemical reaction to immunoglobulin E receptor (FcεRI) and c-kit receptor is not specific to mast cells, although the latter is important to demonstrate their proliferation in normal and malignant growth.Correct fixation of biological material is also discussed in the review as it is of great significance for histochemical and immunohistochemical mast cell detection.Fluorescent methods of immunohistochemistry and a multimarker analysis in combination with confocal microscopy are reported to be new technological approaches currently used to study various mast cell populations.

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Section: Immunohistochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Modern Imaging Technologies of Mast Cells for Biology and Medicine (Review)

Grigor’ev¹,

Коржевский²

2021

Sovrem Tehnol Med

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“…According to Yu et al (2009), the main component of this fascia network is collagen. When these authors destroyed the structure of the collagen fibers by injecting type I collagenase, the needle force caused by acupuncture was reduced and the analgesic effects of rotation or lift‐thrusting manipulation were attenuated, accompanied by diminished degranulation ratios of mast cells (Chen et al, 2018; Ding et al, 2018; Li et al, 2012; Wu et al, 2015). Collagen not only has excellent tensile strength, it also has electrical properties that include piezo‐electricity, the ability to generate tiny electrical currents when an object is stressed, strained, and deformed; in this case, deformed by the needling effect (Denning et al, 2014; Fukada & Yasuda, 1964).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microscopy of structures surrounding typical acupoints used in clinical practice and electron microscopic evaluation of acupuncture needles

et al. 2022

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Although the general functionality and structures of acupoints have been studied, there has been little insight into their underlying morphology and physical characteristics. We describe the microanatomical structures surrounding acupoints, the electron microscopic appearance of the needles, and the physical effects of acupuncture needling on the fascia. We injected heparinized blood solution through thin needles at seven known and commonly used “sweat acupoints” in eight fresh, unembalmed, cryopreserved human cadavers to mark the needle positions, and later, during histological examination, to identify them. After the solution was injected, samples were dissected and prepared for histological examination. We examined 350 cross‐sections of five different paraffin wax sections from each acupoint microscopically. Acupuncture needles were photographed and superimposed on the cross‐sectioned tissues at similar magnifications. Needles were also examined under a scanning electron microscope to judge the roughness or smoothness of their surfaces. A greater conglomeration of nerve endings surrounded the acupoints than in tissues more than 1–3 cm distant from them. Nerve endings and blood vessels were in close contact with a complex network of membranes formed by interlacing collagen fibers, and were always enclosed within those collagen membranes. Nerve endings were found within hypodermis, muscles, or both. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated the three‐dimensional shapes and sizes of the needles, and the degree of roughness or smoothness of their polished external surfaces. We demonstrate a delicate arrangement of nerve endings and blood vessels enclosed within complex collagen membrane networks at acupoints within the hypodermis and muscle. This arrangement could explain why needling is an essential step in the acupuncture process that provides favorable outcomes in clinical practice.

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“…TEAS has been reported to have a similar efficacy as acupuncture, electroacupuncture and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, 11,22,23 and it can help to reduce anxiety and control stress by regulating the release of enkephalins and dynorphins and increasing GABA signalling in the brain. 24 Electroacupuncture can also normalize the activity of dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area 25 and relieve mental symptoms such as anxiety, depression and emotional exhaustion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation combined with diazepam for acute alcohol withdrawal syndrome: A double-blind randomized sham-controlled trial

et al. 2020

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Objective To compare the efficacy of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) combined with diazepam against diazepam alone for treatment of acute alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS). Methods In this double-blind randomized sham-controlled trial, men with acute AWS were randomly allocated to either a group treated with TEAS combined with diazepam (n = 57) or a control group treated with sham TEAS combined with diazepam (n = 60). Treatment was performed at four acupoints twice a day for 14 days. The Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol Scale (CIWA-Ar), visual analogue scale (VAS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and modified Epworth Sleepiness Scale (mESS) were used to evaluate treatment efficacy. Results All scores improved significantly in both groups during the trial. CIWA-Ar scores were lower in the TEAS group than in the control group from day 3 until the end of observation. VAS and mESS scores were also lower in the TEAS group than in the control group on day 7. VAS and PSQI scores were lower in the TEAS group on day 14. Conclusion Combining diazepam with TEAS may result in milder AWS symptoms than diazepam alone, improve sleep quality and reduce sleepiness.

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Neuropeptide Initiated Mast Cell Activation by Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation of Acupoint LI4 in Rats

Cited by 14 publications

References 28 publications

Modern Imaging Technologies of Mast Cells for Biology and Medicine (Review)

Modern Imaging Technologies of Mast Cells for Biology and Medicine (Review)

Microscopy of structures surrounding typical acupoints used in clinical practice and electron microscopic evaluation of acupuncture needles

Efficacy of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation combined with diazepam for acute alcohol withdrawal syndrome: A double-blind randomized sham-controlled trial

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