Neuropeptide Y in guinea pig, rabbit, rat and man. Identical amino acid sequence and oxidation of methionine-17

O'Hare, M.M.T.; Tenmoku, Sumio; Aakerlund, Lars; Hilsted, Linda; Johnsen, Anders H.; Schwartz, Thue W.

doi:10.1016/0167-0115(88)90064-x

Cited by 65 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…ProNPY has not been pre viously detected in extracts of adult [32,38,39] and perinatal [19] rat brains; the only immunoreactive species that has been detected was NPY. We observed that, in addition to NPY-size substance, there are substantial amounts of a proNPY-size immunoreactive substance in the hypothalamic-olfactory tubercle of the perinatal rat (18-day-old fetuses and 2-day-old neonates) and in young aggregates (comparable to 2-day-old neonate); the fractional amounts of this substance were markedly reduced at later ages of both tissues and aggregates ( fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulated Production and Secretion of Immunoreactive Neuropeptide Y by Aggregating Fetal Brain Cells in Cultures

Barnea¹,

Hajibeigi²,

Cho³

et al. 1991

Neuroendocrinology

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The aim of this study was to establish a culture system of fetal brain cells that could serve as a model for the study of the developmental regulation of the neuropeptide Y(NPY) neuron. Single cell suspensions were prepared from the hypothalamic-olfactory tubercle region of 18-day-old rat fetuses, and aggregates were formed by incubation in serum-free medium under constant rotation. Aggregate formation was complete within 24–48 h, and cultures were maintained for up to 23 days. The content of immunoreactive (IR) NPY in the medium and in the aggregates increased progressively with time in culture and at each time point, the medium contained 5- to 10-fold more NPY-IR. A 48-hour exposure to forskolin resulted in a 2-fold increase in the accumulation of NPY-IR in the aggregates and in the medium, indicating that both production and secretion of NPY are regulated by the cAMP intracellular pathway. Sephadex gel filtration revealed the presence of proNPY- and NPY-size substances. The ratio of NPY- to proNPY-size substances increased progressively with age of the aggregates as well as in tissues obtained from perinatal rats of comparable age. Thus, production and secretion of NPY-IR in the cultured aggregates are regulated processes and hence, this culture system can serve as a model to study regulatory processes in the developing NPY neuron.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulated Production and Secretion of Immunoreactive Neuropeptide Y by Aggregating Fetal Brain Cells in Cultures

Barnea¹,

Hajibeigi²,

Cho³

et al. 1991

Neuroendocrinology

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“…The autoradiograms were incubated with NPY antibodies either for 2 h at room temperature or overnight at 4 C. Two different antibodies produced in goats were used at a dilution 1:2000 to 1:4000 in PBS containing 2% normal rabbit serum and 0.1% sodium azide. NPY G26/3 antibody was generated against a synthetic NPY-(l-36) coupled to purified protein derivative of tuberculin (25,26), and the second antibody was raised against the carboxy-terminal hexapeptide (CTH]NH 2 ;27). G26/3 antiserum was a gift from Dr. T. W. Schwartz (Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark) and crossreacted fully with porcine NPY and rat NPY (100%), but little cross-reactivity was seen with other related members of the pancreatic polypeptide family: peptide-YY (8.3%), avian pancreatic polypeptide (0%), rat pancreatic polypeptide (0%), prepro-NPY (0%), or other hypothalamic peptides, such as 0-endorphin (0%), LHRH (0%), and galanin (0%).…”

Section: Immunocytochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Localization of Neuropeptide-Y Immunoreactivity in Estradiol-Concentrating Cells in the Hypothalamus*

et al. 1990

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Considerable evidence shows that gonadal steroids exert a facilitatory influence on levels and release of neuropeptide-Y (NPY) from the hypothalamus. However, it is not known whether gonadal steroids act directly on NPY-producing cells in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus to produce these facilitatory effects on NPY or whether they act on other cells that have a modulatory influence via synapses on ARC NPY cells. We applied the combined method of steroid autoradiography and immunocytochemistry to assess the localization of [3H]estradiol in relation to NPY-producing cells in the hypothalamus. Rats (n = 6) were bilaterally ovariectomized and injected intracerebroventricularly with colchicine. Twenty-four hours later each rat received an iv injection of 17 beta-[2,4,6,7,16,17(-3)H]estradiol (SA, 166 Ci/mmol) at a dose of 5.0 micrograms/kg BW. One hour after the injection of [3H]estradiol, the rats were perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde; brains were removed, frozen in isopentane precooled in liquid nitrogen (-190 C), sectioned, and processed for autoradiography. The autoradiograms were then incubated with specific antibodies for NPY immunostaining by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase method. The results revealed NPY-immunopositive cells in the ARC, striatum, hippocampus, amygdala, and cerebral cortex and a few cells in the median eminence. NPY-immunoreactive fibers were also detected in the internal layer of the median eminence. The largest number of neurons showing NPY immunoreactivity in the cytoplasm was detected in the ARC, and only in this nucleus did we observed colocalization of [3H]estradiol and NPY immunoreactivity in neurons. A population of NPY-immunopositive cells in the ARC (10-20%) exhibited nuclear [3H]estradiol; the majority of these cells were located in the lateral and ventral portions of the ARC. Since gonadal steroids stimulate hypothalamic NPY levels and release, this anatomical evidence of colocalization is suggestive of a direct genomic modulation of NPY neurosecretion by steroids in a subpopulation of hypothalamic NPY-immunopositive neurons.

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“…There is complete homology of NPY in the human, rat, rabbit, and guinea pig (O'Hare et al, 1988). Both immunohistochemistry and radioimmunoassay have revealed the widespread occurrence of NPY throughout central and peripheral nervous systems, where it has been shown to have potent vasoconstrictor activity (Lundberg et al, 1985).…”

Section: (D) Neuropeptide Ymentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropeptides and Neurogenic Mechanisms in Oral and Periodontal Inflammation

Lundy

Linden

2004

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

152

165

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ABSTRACT:It is generally accepted that the nervous system contributes to the pathophysiology of peripheral inflammation, and a neurogenic component has been implicated in many inflammatory diseases, including periodontitis. Neurogenic inflammation should be regarded as a protective mechanism, which forms the first line of defense and protects tissue integrity. However, severe or prolonged noxious stimulation may result in the inflammatory response mediating injury rather than facilitating repair. This review focuses on the accumulating evidence suggesting that neuropeptides have a pivotal role in the complex cascade of chemical activity associated with periodontal inflammation. An overview of neuropeptide synthesis and release introduces the role of neuropeptides and their interactions with other inflammatory factors, which ultimately lead to neurogenic inflammation. The biological effects of the neuropeptides substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), and neuropeptide Y (NPY) are summarized, and evidence for their involvement in the localized inflammatory lesions which characterize periodontitis is presented. In this context, the role of CGRP in bone metabolism is described in more detail. Recent research highlighting the role of the nervous system in suppressing pain and inflammation is also discussed.

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Neuropeptide Y in guinea pig, rabbit, rat and man. Identical amino acid sequence and oxidation of methionine-17

Cited by 65 publications

References 15 publications

Regulated Production and Secretion of Immunoreactive Neuropeptide Y by Aggregating Fetal Brain Cells in Cultures

Regulated Production and Secretion of Immunoreactive Neuropeptide Y by Aggregating Fetal Brain Cells in Cultures

Localization of Neuropeptide-Y Immunoreactivity in Estradiol-Concentrating Cells in the Hypothalamus*

Neuropeptides and Neurogenic Mechanisms in Oral and Periodontal Inflammation

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