Neuroplastic Changes after Auditory Working Memory Training in a Patient Surviving Multiple Strokes

Leung, Ada; Ng, Benson; Yuen, Jennifer; Dixon, Gillian; Kim, Esther

doi:10.17653/2374-9091.ss0002

Cited by 4 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…For participant 2, the decrease of fronto-parietal activation was consistent with previous training studies in healthy adults (Garaven et al, 2000 ; Landau et al, 2004 ) and stroke patients (Leung et al, 2014 ). This suggests that the cognitive training implemented for this participant result in increased neural efficiency, as the process of updating and storage becomes more efficient and consequently requires less effort during the training (Kelly and Garavan, 2005 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Another feature in WM training is adaptive procedures in which the task difficulty co-varies with performance (von Bastian et al, 2013 ). Some studies used non-adaptive procedures where task difficulty was controlled (e.g., Li et al, 2008 ; Leung et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The entire training program consisted of 40 blocks for each type of task. This training schedule controlled the amount of exposure to each type of task (Li et al, 2008 ; Leung et al, 2014 ). A student met with the participants once every week to give feedback on their performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Participants performed 1-back and 2-back tasks in an fMRI session before and after training. From prior studies, Leung et al ( 2014 ) and Leung and Alain ( 2011 ), 3-back tasks were difficult for patients and some healthy adults, which reduced the reliability of neuroimaging results. Therefore, 3-back tasks were not administered in fMRI.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neural Plastic Effects of Working Memory Training Influenced by Self-perceived Stress in Stroke: A Case Illustration

et al. 2016

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This case study examined the effects of auditory working memory (WM) training on neuroplastic changes in stroke survivors and how such effects might be influenced by self-perceived stress. Two participants with a history of stroke participated in the study. One of them had a higher level of self-perceived stress. Both participants underwent a course of auditory WM training and completed baseline and post-training assessments such as self-perceived stress, performance satisfaction questionnaires, behavioral task performance, and functional magnetic resonance imaging. They were trained on a computerized auditory WM task (n-back) 5 days a week for 6 weeks, for a total of 20 h. Participant 1 had high levels of perceived stress, both pre- and post-training, and showed improvement on the satisfaction aspect of functional engagement only. Participant 2 had lower levels of perceived stress and demonstrated improvements on all performance tasks. Neuroimaging results showed evidence of improved neural efficiency on the trained task for participant 2. The results shed light on the need to evaluate psychological influences, e.g., stress, when studying the neuroplastic changes in people with stroke. However, the case design approach and other factors that might have positively influenced outcomes mean that these results must be interpreted with a great deal of caution. Future studies using a larger sample are recommended to verify the findings.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neural Plastic Effects of Working Memory Training Influenced by Self-perceived Stress in Stroke: A Case Illustration

et al. 2016

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“…To the best of our knowledge, only one case study investigated the patterns of neural activation after a course of auditory working memory training using event-related fMRI. Leung and colleagues [ 60 ] found that the stroke patient improved the N-back task performance throughout the training and demonstrated improvement in cognitive abilities including attention, working memory and short-term memory after one-month training. Functional imaging showed a pattern of decreased neural activation in the frontoparietal attention network post-training which suggested a decreased compensation for functional deficits and may be linked to cognitive function recovery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects and mechanism of the HECT study (hybrid exercise-cognitive trainings) in mild ischemic stroke with cognitive decline: fMRI for brain plasticity, biomarker and behavioral analysis

Yeh

Chang

et al. 2018

Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications

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PurposeCognitive decline after stroke is highly associated with functional disability. Empirical evidence shows that exercise combined cognitive training may induce neuroplastic changes that modulate cognitive function. However, it is unclear whether hybridized exercise-cognitive training can facilitate cortical activity and physiological outcome measures and further influence on the cognitive function after stroke. This study will investigate the effects of two hybridized exercise-cognitive trainings on brain plasticity, physiological biomarkers and behavioral outcomes in stroke survivors with cognitive decline.Methods and significanceThis study is a single-blind randomized controlled trial. A target sample size of 75 participants is needed to obtain a statistical power of 95% with a significance level of 5%. Stroke survivors with mild cognitive decline will be stratified by Mini-Mental State Examination scores and then randomized 1:1:1 to sequential exercise-cognitive training, dual-task exercise-cognitive training or control groups. All groups will undergo training 60 min/day, 3 days/week, for a total of 12 weeks. The primary outcome is the resting-state functional connectivity and neural activation in the frontal, parietal and occipital lobes in functional magnetic resonance imaging. Secondary outcomes include physiological biomarkers, cognitive functions, physical function, daily functions and quality of life. This study may differentiate the effects of two hybridized trainings on cognitive function and health-related conditions and detect appropriate neurological and physiological indices to predict training effects. This study capitalizes on the groundwork for a non-pharmacological intervention of cognitive decline after stroke.

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Working memory updating training promotes plasticity & behavioural gains: A systematic review & meta-analysis

Pappa

Biswas

Flegal

et al. 2020

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

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Neuroplastic Changes after Auditory Working Memory Training in a Patient Surviving Multiple Strokes

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Neural Plastic Effects of Working Memory Training Influenced by Self-perceived Stress in Stroke: A Case Illustration

Neural Plastic Effects of Working Memory Training Influenced by Self-perceived Stress in Stroke: A Case Illustration

Effects and mechanism of the HECT study (hybrid exercise-cognitive trainings) in mild ischemic stroke with cognitive decline: fMRI for brain plasticity, biomarker and behavioral analysis

Working memory updating training promotes plasticity & behavioural gains: A systematic review & meta-analysis

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