Neuroprotective Effect of Grewia carpinifolia Extract against Vanadium Induced Behavioural Impairment

Abstract

Vanadium (V), a heavy metal, has been reported to induce central nervous system toxicity leading to various behavioural impairments. It is characterized by the production of reactive oxygen. The present study was designed to test the possibility of Grewia carpinifolia ethanolic extract in preventing behavioural alterations following acute vanadium toxicity in mice. Twenty five Swiss albino mice (25—27 g) were completely randomized into 5 groups (A—E) of 5 animals each. Group A received distilled water and served as a control; group B, received vitamin E (500 mg.kg−1 b. w. every 72 hours), a known antioxidant orally, along with a daily dose of sodium metavanadate intraperitoneally (i. p.) for 7 days; group C and group D received Grewia carpinifolia leaf extract at 100 and 200 mg.kg−1 b.w orally respectively, along with the sodium metavanadate i. p. for 7 days; while group E received sodium metavanadate i. p. only for 7 days. The behavioural and motor functions were analysed by the open field, negative geotaxis, and hanging wire tests; the daily body and brain weights were recorded. Grewia carpinifolia ethanolic extracts significantly reduced the number of grooming, stretched attend posture, and freezing time that were significantly increased in the vanadium only group and also enhanced the vestibular functions. In addition, the latent time spent on the hanging wire in groups simultaneously administered with the extract and V compared favourably (P > 0.05) with the control groups but a decrease in latent time was observed in the V only group. The results suggest that acute V toxicity results in various behavioural deficits and support a possible role of Grewia carpinifolia as a protective agent against acute vanadium-toxicity with a better result at 200 mg.kg−1 b. w.

Protective Effects of Dietary Antioxidants against Vanadium-Induced Toxicity: A Review

“…The sage essential oil contains a diverse group of bioactive phytochemicals with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and nephroprotective properties like camphor, α-pinene, α-thujene, carveol, or α-terpineol, which were assumed to contribute to the protective activity of S. officinalis [113,114]. The leaf extracts of plants such as Moringa oleifera [115] and Grewia carpinifolia [116] were also reported to have beneficial effects against vanadiuminduced neurotoxicity, and green tea (Camellia sinensis) [117] was active against vanadium-induced renal, hepatic, and testicular lipid peroxidation in rodents. The protective effect of green tea could be probably attributed to green tea polyphenols, among which catechins (epicatechin, epigallocatechin, epicatechin gallate, and epigallocatechin gallate) are the most abundant tea polyphenols showing many health-promoting benefits including antioxidant (discussed in the earlier section), anti-inflammatory, and antimutagenic effects [118].…”

Doxycycline: An antibiotic with brain protective function in vanadium-intoxicated rats

“…Table 3 shows that vanadium administration demonstrated statistically significant elevation in brain areas compared [10] ) to saline controls in the following order: brain stem (+46% P < 0.001), cerebellum (+44%; P < 0.001), and cerebral cortex (+16%; P < 0.02). The mean percentage change in brain regions between vanadium and saline controls was by +35%.…”

“…The relative brain weight was immediately calculated by the following formula. [10] Absolute brain weight (g) = relative brain weight/body weight of rats on sacrifice day (g).…”

Doxycycline: An Antibiotic Attenuates Oxidant Stress, Perturbation of Lipid Metabolites, and Antioxidants against Vanadium Toxicity in Rat Hepatocytes

“…The liver was carefully taken out on an ice-cold surface and stored in deep freeze at À70°C. The relative liver weight of each rat was calculated with a formula as has been given by Adebiyi et al 11…”