Neuroprotective effects of Hericium erinaceus (Bull.: Fr.) Pers. against high-dose corticosterone-induced oxidative stress in PC-12 cells

Abstract

Background Hericium erinaceus is a culinary and medicinal mushroom in Traditional Chinese Medicines. It has numerous pharmacological effects including immunomodulatory, anti-tumour, anti-microbial, anti-aging and stimulation of nerve growth factor (NGF) synthesis, but little is known about its potential role in negating the detrimental effects of oxidative stress in depression. The present study investigated the neuroprotective effects of H. erinaceus standardised aqueous extract (HESAE) against high-dose corticosterone-induced oxidative stress in rat pheochromocytoma (PC-12) cells, a cellular model mimicking depression. Methods PC-12 cells was pre-treated with HESAE for 48 h followed by 400 μM corticosterone for 24 h to induce oxidative stress. Cells in complete medium without any treatment or pre-treated with 3.125 μg/mL desipramine served as the negative and positive controls, respectively. The cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, endogenous antioxidant enzyme activities, aconitase activity, mitochondrial membrane potentials (MMPs), intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and number of apoptotic nuclei were quantified. In addition, HESAE ethanol extract was separated into fractions by chromatographic methods prior to spectroscopic analysis. Results We observed that PC-12 cells treated with high-dose corticosterone at 400 μM had decreased cell viability, reduced endogenous antioxidant enzyme activities, disrupted mitochondrial function, and increased oxidative stress and apoptosis. However, pre-treatment with HESAE ranging from 0.25 to 1 mg/mL had increased cell viability, decreased LDH release, enhanced endogenous antioxidant enzyme activities, restored MMP, attenuated intracellular ROS and protected from ROS-mediated apoptosis. The neuroprotective effects could be attributed to significant amounts of adenosine and herierin III isolated from HESAE. Conclusions HESAE demonstrated neuroprotective effects against high-dose corticosterone-induced oxidative stress in an in vitro model mimicking depression. HESAE could be a potential dietary supplement to treat depression.

Sinisan Protects Primary Hippocampal Neurons Against Corticosterone by Inhibiting Autophagy via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway

“…Exogenous administration of high doses of corticosterone causes depression and neuronal damage in rodents, thus affecting cognitive functions. Corticosterone is used to establish models of in vitro and in vivo depression (18,19). In this study, 100-800 µM corticosterone caused neuronal damage in vitro, which is consistent with findings from previous studies that exposure to high doses of corticosterone is required to cause significant neurotoxicity in primary hippocampal neurons (20).…”

Neurogenesis-dependent antidepressant-like activity of Hericium erinaceus in an animal model of depression

“…The 6th fraction from the first run and the 5th fraction from the second and third runs were combined for further processing by preparative radial chromatography with silica gel and mobile phase of ether (Et 2 O) with an increasing MeOH gradient. Compound 2 was obtained from the 4th–6th fractions (8.6 mg) [ 37 ] and a medium polar compound 3 was obtained from the 2nd and 3rd fractions (3 mg). Additional file 1 : Fig.…”

“…S1B shows the steps involved in the isolation of the compounds. The compounds were analysed using spectroscopic methods: 1 H and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were recorded in MeOH- d4 on an FT-NMR Avance III 600 MHz (Bruker, Massachusetts, USA), high-resolution electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (HRESIMS) data were obtained on an Agilent 6530 Q-TOF mass spectrometer (Agilent Technologies, California, USA), Ultraviolet (UV) spectra were obtained on a Shimadzu UV-2600 spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan), and Infrared (IR) spectra were recorded on a Spectrum 400 FT-IR/FT-FIR spectrophotometer (PerkinElmer, Massachusetts, USA) [ 37 , 38 ].…”

Water Extract of Mixed Mushroom Mycelia Grown on a Solid Barley Medium Is Protective against Experimental Focal Cerebral Ischemia

“…However, co-treatment with 10 µg/mL or 100 µg/mL wMMM could reverse this (42.95 ± 2.94 and 8.59 ± 0.94, respectively; ### p < 0.001 vs. glutamate) in a dose-dependent manner ( $$$ p < 0.001). Given that oxidative stress is known to be the key upstream factor linked to excitotoxicity-induced neuronal apoptosis and a vast majority of bioactive ingredients origi-nated from mushroom mycelia are reported to exert anti-oxidative property in the previous literature [46,47], we next assessed whether the wMMM could affect the glutamate-induced accumulation of intracellular ROS using a fluorescent probe DCF-DA assay (Figure 3E). In line with the FACS results, glutamate markedly increased the intracellular ROS levels (274.09 ± 49.87% of the untreated control, *** p < 0.001; Figure 3F).…”