Neuropsychological assessment of mental deterioration: purpose of a brief battery and a probabilistic definition of “normality” and “non‐normality”

Gallassi, Roberto; Lenzi, P; Stracciari, Andrea; Lorusso, Sebastiano; Ciardulli, C.; Morreale, Angela; Mussuto, V.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1986.tb06228.x

Cited by 44 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Patients were also investigated by blood tests, cerebral MRI scans, and by means of a cardiovascular reflexes study. An extensive battery of neuropsychological tests, standardized in the Italian population, exploring global cognition and different cognitive functions was administered (table 1) [59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72]. We evaluated depression with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) [73] and anxiety using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Form Y (STAI) [74].…”

Section: The Prospective Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive and Sleep Features of Multiple System Atrophy: Review and Prospective Study

et al. 2014

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Background: The profile and degree of cognitive impairment in Multiple System Atrophy (MSA) and the impact of sleep disorders, REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) in particular, in parkinsonism-related cognitive deficits are currently being debated. Summary: We reviewed the cognitive, affective and sleep findings in MSA and also carried out a longitudinal investigation of 10 MSA patients. At the first evaluation, 3 patients showed isolated cognitive deficits. After a mean of 16 months, these patients remained unchanged, while 1 patient worsened from a normal condition. No significant differences emerged when the cognitive, affective and video-polysomnographic findings of MSA-P and MSA-C were compared. Depression was present in half of the patients, although it did not influence their cognitive performance. Comparisons between the first and second evaluation data showed significant worsening in visual attention and in ADL/IADL and UMSARS. Key Messages: Isolated cognitive deficits are evidenced in a minority of MSA patients with the absence of a clear-cut diagnosis of dementia in the early stages of the disease. Attention and executive functions are often impaired. This study with a short follow-up period showed that RBD, although present in almost all patients affected by MSA, does not appear a clear early marker of cognitive impairment. Future longer-term studies with a larger patient sample are thus encouraged.

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Section: The Prospective Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive and Sleep Features of Multiple System Atrophy: Review and Prospective Study

et al. 2014

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“…A standardized battery of tests [26][27][28] was ad ministered to all subjects whose history and examina tion suggested mental impairment. To ascertain the validity of the clinical criteria adopted, 42 subjects without evidence of central nervous system (CNS) disease were examined in the same way.…”

Section: Neuropsychological Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurological Examination in Subjects over 65 Years: An Epidemiological Survey

Benassi¹,

D’Alessandro²,

Gallassi³

et al. 1990

Neuroepidemiology

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The frequency of abnormal findings at neurological examination was analyzed in an unselected sample of elderly people aged 67–87 years. Absent deep tendon reflexes and impairment of proprioceptive sensation rarely occurred in the elderly. Limitation of upward gaze and convergence appear a common finding, especially in the very old. Overall, the presence of cortical disinhibition signs (primitive reflexes and paratonia) did not discriminate well between subjects without CNS disease and demented patients. Only the presence of a prominent and persistent response to the stimulus and the number of cortical disinhibition signs found in the same subject appear useful criteria to distinguish between normality and dementia.

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“…The MDB items are listed in table 2, their characteristics having been discussed by us elsewhere [22], In a previous study [25], by means of discriminant function analysis, we summarized the scores of the different items of the battery and the value of age and educa tion of each subject in a single final result called 'final index'. Its threshold value is -1 .2 and any result that is lower is considered pathological and vice versa.…”

Section: Neuropsychological Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychological, Electroencephalogram and Brain Computed Tomography Findings in Motor Neuron Disease

et al. 1989

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Thirty-five patients affected with sporadic motor neuron disease (MND) and without clinically evident mental deterioration were systematically investigated by means of neuropsychological tests, quantitative analysis of EEG and brain CT. The MND patients as a group showed a slight but definite and stereotyped cognitive impairment. Temporal slow EEG activity was increased in the whole MND group and posterior background activity was slower in the more cognitively impaired patients. No significant differences were found in CT measurements of brain atrophy between MND and controls.

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Neuropsychological assessment of mental deterioration: purpose of a brief battery and a probabilistic definition of “normality” and “non‐normality”

Cited by 44 publications

References 3 publications

Cognitive and Sleep Features of Multiple System Atrophy: Review and Prospective Study

Cognitive and Sleep Features of Multiple System Atrophy: Review and Prospective Study

Neurological Examination in Subjects over 65 Years: An Epidemiological Survey

Neuropsychological, Electroencephalogram and Brain Computed Tomography Findings in Motor Neuron Disease

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