Neuropsychological Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis in a Neuropsychiatric Setting

Neuropsychology of multiple sclerosis: A critical review

“…Relative to normal controls or non-brain-damaged patient controls, MS patients have been found to be impaired in seven studies (Elpern et al, 1984;Heaton et al, 1985;Jambor, 1969;Parsons et al, 1957;Peyser, Edwards, Poser, & Filskov, 1980;, with only one negative study (Ross & Reitan, 1955). Four studies have compared MS patients to groups of mixed braindamaged patients; none of the four studies found statistical differences between these two groups (Goldstein & Shelly, 1974;Ivnik, 1978b;Ross & Reitan, 1955). Two studies compared MS patients to psychiatric controls with mixed results (Jambor, 1969;Goldstein & Shelly, 1974).…”

“…Using the Wechsler scales, several studies have compared the performance of MS patients to that of various control groups, including normals (Jambor, 1969, Parsons, Stewart, & Arenberg, 1957Reitan, Reed, & Dyken, 1971), brain-damaged patients (Goldstein & Shelly, 1974;Ivnik, 1978b, Jambor, 1969, non-brain-damaged, neurologically disabled patients (Jambor, 1969), and psychiatric patients (Goldstein & Shelly, 1974;Jambor, 1969). These studies are noteworthy for the lack of significant mean group differences both for the IQ and individual subtest scores.…”

Depressive symptoms account for deficient information processing speed but not for impaired working memory in early phase multiple sclerosis (MS)

“…Goldstein and Shelly [20] argued that depression is the main reason for deficient cognitive functions in patients with MS, and Arnett et al [21] found that depressed MS patients made significantly more moves and took more time per trial on the Tower of London task than nondepressed patients. However, a majority of recent studies note that depression does not account for impaired cognition in MS [7].…”

Pathological association and dissociation of functional systems in multiple sclerosis and Huntington's disease

“…For the MS group the presence of subtle cognitive anomalies in a pro portion of patients with mild MS is now gener ally accepted (Beatty & Gange, 1977;Grant, McDonald, & Trimble, 1989;Peyser & Poser, 1986;Rao, 1986). Moreover, this cognitive im pairment appears to be independent of other psy chological phenomena such as depression or motor/sensory symptoms (Goldstein & Shelley, 1974;Good, Clark, Oger, Paty, & Klonoff, 1992;Rao et al, 1991). The comparisons with the normal group suggest that impairment of cognitive functions was present in this MS group in terms of scores on some WAIS-R per formance subtests and the word fluency test.…”