Neuropsychology

Steinglass, Joanna E.; Glasofer, Deborah R.

doi:10.1002/9781119998402.ch4

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…This hypothesis makes sense considering the fact that, in the present study, the discrimination task appeared to be significantly or marginally significantly correlated with more cognitive abilities than the bisection task, and the ED group, compared to the HC group, showed cognitive weaknesses in processing speed, attention, and executive functions. These weaknesses, which are in accordance with the literature (e.g., Steinglass and Glasofer, 2011 ; Jáuregui-Lobera, 2013 ; Weider et al, 2015 ), could have contributed, in the discrimination task, to decrease the influence of emotions provoked by food pictures on time perception (see section “Non-temporal Factors Influencing Performance on Temporal Tasks” for a more detailed explanation).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Thus, in an experiment using temporal tasks with an ED population, the prior affective state of participants appears to be an important factor to take into account. Moreover, several researches have supported that women suffering from ED (or at higher risk) present cognitive difficulties (e.g., Lena et al, 2004 ; Steinglass and Glasofer, 2011 ; Jáuregui-Lobera, 2013 ; Weider et al, 2015 ; Naor-Ziv and Glicksohn, 2016 ) and, besides, it is well known that time perception relies on various cognitive processes ( Perbal et al, 2002 ; Pouthas and Perbal, 2004 ; Zélanti and Droit-Volet, 2012 ). Even more important, cognitive abilities most often impaired in ED are those also involved in time processing, that is attention, processing speed, working memory, inhibition and switching (for ED, see Kemps et al, 2006 ; Rosval et al, 2006 ; Roberts et al, 2007 ; and for timing, see Zélanti and Droit-Volet, 2011 ; Mioni et al, 2012 , 2013a , b ; Pütz et al, 2012 ; Brown et al, 2013 ; Ogden et al, 2014 ; Droit-Volet et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temporal Processing of Joyful and Disgusting Food Pictures by Women With an Eating Disorder

Gagnon

Bégin

Laflamme

et al. 2018

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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The present study used the presentation of food pictures and judgements about their duration to assess the emotions elicited by food in women suffering from an eating disorder (ED). Twenty-three women diagnosed with an ED, namely anorexia (AN) or bulimia nervosa (BN), and 23 healthy controls (HC) completed a temporal bisection task and a duration discrimination task. Intervals were marked with emotionally pre-rated pictures of joyful and disgusting food, and pictures of neutral objects. The results showed that, in the bisection task, AN women overestimated the duration of food pictures in comparison to neutral ones. Also, compared to participants with BN, they perceived the duration of joyful food pictures as longer, and tended to overestimate the duration of the disgusting ones. These effects on perceived duration suggest that AN women experienced an intense reaction of fear when they were confronted to food pictures. More precisely, by having elevated the arousal level and activated the defensive system, food pictures seemed to have speeded up the rhythm of the AN participants’ internal clock, which led to an overestimation of images’ duration. In addition, the results revealed that, in both tasks, ED women presented a lower temporal sensitivity than HC, which was related to their ED symptomatology (i.e., BMI, restraint and concern) and, particularly, to their weaker cognitive abilities in terms of attention, processing speed and working memory. Considered all together, the findings of the present experiment highlight the role of fear and anxiety in the manifestations of AN and point out the importance of considering non-temporal factors in the interpretation of time perception performance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Processing of Joyful and Disgusting Food Pictures by Women With an Eating Disorder

Gagnon

Bégin

Laflamme

et al. 2018

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…None of the other confounders contributed significantly to the model. Given that low weight can affect concentration [ 1 ] it is possible that conceptual level responses are particularly vulnerable to concentration difficulties. Obviously, this is highly speculative and no conclusion can be drawn based on the present data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rigidity and obsessionality are common features in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) [ 1 ]. The rigid and obsessive behaviour are often focused on eating, exercise, weight and shape, and include behavioural aspects of AN such as body checking [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are poor set-shifting abilities associated with a higher frequency of body checking in anorexia nervosa?

et al. 2015

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BackgroundThe rigid and obsessional features of anorexia nervosa (AN) have led researchers to explore possible underlying neuropsychological difficulties. Numerous studies have demonstrated poorer set-shifting in patients with AN. However, due to a paucity of research on the connection between neuropsychological difficulties and the clinical features of AN, the link remains hypothetical. The main objective of this study was to explore the association between set-shifting and body checking.MethodsThe sample consisted of 30 females diagnosed with AN and 45 healthy females. Set-shifting was assessed using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and frequency of body checking was assessed using the Body Checking Questionnaire (BCQ).ResultsThe analysis showed no significant correlations between any of the WCST scores and the BCQ.ConclusionThe results suggest that there is no association between set-shifting difficulties and frequency of body checking among patients with AN. An alternative explanation could be that the neuropsychological measure included in this study is not sensitive to the set-shifting difficulties observed in clinical settings. We recommend that future studies include more ecologically valid measures of set-shifting in addition to standard neuropsychological tests.

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“…Early studies on cognitive function in EDs was mainly performed on patients with AN and focused on providing a broad description of achievements in a variety of cognitive domains (Steinglass & Glasofer, 2011). The findings from these studies yielded highly inconsistent conclusions, which were likely caused to some extent by the lack of healthy control (HC) groups (Lena, Fiocco, & Leyenaar, 2004) and the use of a wide variety of tests (some of which have not been validated) and their diverging interpretations (Duchesne et al, 2004;Tchanturia, Campbell, Morris, & Treasure, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%