Neurotoxicity of sodium fluoride in rats

Mullenix, Phyllis J.; DenBesten, Pamela; Schunior, Ann; Kernan, W.J.

doi:10.1016/0892-0362(94)00070-t

Cited by 244 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…[4]. Among various adverse health effects of fluoride, abnormal behavioural pattern, impairment of neuronal and cerebrovascular integrity and metabolic lesions are common [5,6], indicating that fluoride severely affects brain function. The underlying mechanism of cellular toxicity imposed by fluoride involves generation of free radicals that may disturb cellular functions via induction of oxidative stress [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue specific differential response in metabolic activities of cerebrum, cerebellum, pons and medulla associated with thyroid dysfunction in sub-acute fluoride toxicity

Sarkar

Pal

2015

Int Jour of Biomed Res

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Objectives: In this present in vivo study, it is intended to examine the effects of fluoride on metabolic functions of four discrete regions of rat brain associated with thyroidal insufficiency. Background: Fluoride contamination in drinking water is a major health issue. Adverse health effects of fluoride include dental and muscle fluorosis, lowering mental proficiency, neurological disorders and oxidative stress in soft tissues including brain. Thyroid is mainly concerned with regulation of metabolic homeostasis and thus supposed to be altered by fluoride toxicity. Rationale: Earlier observations indicate that fluoride toxicity imposes certain adverse effects on brain metabolic activities. Alteration in metabolic profile in brain may be affected by the thyroid gland as because this gland takes care of the overall metabolic integration of the body. Significance: The present study explores the detail mechanism of metabolic alteration of different parts of rat brain namely cerebrum, cerebellum, pons and medulla by fluoride, and also evaluates through a comparative analysis that which region is mostly affected by it. Furthermore, this study also suggests a link between brain metabolic profile and thyroid function. Methods: Male rats of Wistar strain (N=6) were orally fed with 20 mg/kg/day fluoride for 30 days. Results: Following fluoride exposure, total protein content depleted more significantly in cerebrum and medulla as compared with other brain regions. The proleolytic enzyme activity was severely affected by fluoride, especially in medulla. Changes in acidic, basic and neutral protein contents reveal that fluoride altered those parameters in a tissue specific manner. Nucleic acid contents were markedly reduced in medulla and pons by fluoride, whereas RNase activity increased in the respective brain regions. Protein carbonylation is pronounced in cerebral tissue. The neurotransmitter level was markedly reduced in cerebellum in comparison with others. Additionally, fluoride also altered thyroid metabolism as specified by depletion of nucleic acid contents and inhibition of the activities of thyroidal enzymes along with significant decrease in serum T3 and T4. Conclusion: It is suggested that fluoride altered metabolic homeostasis in cerebrum, cerebellum, pons, medulla in a tissue specific manner that might be correlated with thyroidal insufficiency.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue specific differential response in metabolic activities of cerebrum, cerebellum, pons and medulla associated with thyroid dysfunction in sub-acute fluoride toxicity

Sarkar

Pal

2015

Int Jour of Biomed Res

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“…Mullenix et al [149] demonstrated significant behavioral changes in rats exposed neonatally to fluoride in drinking water, with the effects dependent on the timing of the dose, concentration, and sex of the animals. They found males were more affected with prenatal exposure and females if the exposure occurred after weaning or adulthood.…”

Section: The Role Of Aluminum and Fluoridementioning

confidence: 99%

Immune-Glutamatergic Dysfunction as a Central Mechanism of the Autism Spectrum Disorders

Blaylock

Strunecká

2009

CMC

125

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Despite the great number of observations being made concerning cellular and the molecular dysfunctions associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), the basic central mechanism of these disorders has not been proposed in the major scientific literature. Our review brings evidence that most heterogeneous symptoms of ASD have a common set of events closely connected with dysregulation of glutamatergic neurotransmission in the brain with enhancement of excitatory receptor function by pro-inflammatory immune cytokines as the underlying mechanism. We suggest that environmental and dietary excitotoxins, mercury, fluoride, and aluminum can exacerbate the pathological and clinical problems by worsening excitotoxicity and by microglial priming. In addition, each has effects on cell signaling that can affect neurodevelopment and neuronal function. Our hypothesis opens the door to a number of new treatment modes, including the nutritional factors that naturally reduce excitotoxicity and brain inflammation.

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“…The objective was to evaluate the possible influence of fluoride on the development and functioning of the thyroid gland of the pups, who continued to receive treatment until the 14 th day of life Animals receiving NaF had a 75% decrease in plasma free T4 (thyroxine); fluoride was able to cause a strong reduction in the hormone thyroxine, and this could be related to the histological changes and apoptosis observed in the cerebellum of these animals 65 500 ppm in water. Female adult Wistar rats were treated for 60 days Animals treated with NaF showed increased plasma concentration, decreased food intake with a consequent reduction in body weight gain, impairment of exploratory motor activity and motor coordination, dental injuries, inhibition of total cholinesterase activity in the blood, brain acetylcholinesterase and hypocalcemia 66 75 to 125 ppm of fluoride for six weeks in rats After a three-week interval, they had plasma levels of 0.059 to 0.640 ppm of fluoride, similar to those reported in humans exposed to 5-10 ppm of fluoride. Animals treated with higher concentrations of NaF also showed a behavioral pattern rupture when exposed to a new environment Peng, Xu, Zhang (2016) 67 50, 100 and 150 mgF/L in rat embryonic cancer cells…”

Section: Final Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluoretação da água de abastecimento público: abordagem bioética, legal e política

Garbín¹,

Santos²,

Garbín³

et al. 2017

Rev. Bioét.

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This article aims to analyze the bioethical aspects and legal and political issues of water fluoridation, creating a discussion based on established studies and new research, in order to contribute to an ethical and impartial perspective on the subject. A bibliographic review study was performed, based on a survey of specialized literature on "fluoridation", "bioethics" and "fluoride poisoning". Water fluoridation is an important public health measure for the prevention of dental caries, and its efficacy has been demonstrated in several studies. As it is mandatory under Brazilian law, bioethical dilemmas arise due to the absence of individual choice on whether to consume or not consume fluoridated water. There appears to be no solution to this moral dilemma, as even if the measure were free from any risk, its compulsory application would still violate the principle of autonomy. Keywords: Fluoridation. Bioethics. Fluoride poisoning. ResumoFluoretação da água de abastecimento público: abordagem bioética, legal e política Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar aspectos bioéticos e questões legais e políticas da fluoretação de águas de abastecimento público, criando discussões baseadas em estudos consagrados e em novas pesquisas, a fim de contribuir para abordagem imparcial do tema. Trata-se de revisão bibliográfica realizada após levantamento de literatura especializada sobre "fluoretação", "bioética" e "intoxicação por flúor". Foram selecionados estudos que possibilitaram discussão plural, relevantes para o debate do tema. A fluoretação das águas de abastecimento público é importante medida de saúde pública para prevenir a cárie dentária, tendo sua eficácia comprovada em vários estudos. Sua obrigatoriedade prevista por lei federal gera dilemas bioéticos, pois exclui a possibilidade de escolha individual de consumir ou não água fluoretada. Não parece haver saída para esse dilema moral, mesmo se a medida fosse livre de qualquer risco, pois ainda assim violaria o princípio da autonomia. Palavras-chave: Fluoretação. Bioética. Intoxicação por flúor. ResumenLa fluoración del agua de abastecimiento público: abordaje bioético, legal y político El objetivo de este artículo es analizar los aspectos bioéticos y asuntos legales y políticos de la fluoración del agua de abastecimiento público, al crear discusiones en base a estudios consagrados y a nuevas investigaciones, con el fin de contribuir con un enfoque imparcial del tema. Se trata de la revisión bibliográfica realizada después de estudiar la literatura especializada sobre la "fluoración", "bioética" e " intoxicación por flúor". Se seleccionaron los estudios que permitieron la discusión plural, lo cual fue relevante para el debate del tema. La fluoración de agua de abastecimiento público es una medida de salud pública importante para prevenir la caries dental y su efectividad se comprobó en varios estudios. Su obligatoriedad prevista por la Ley Federal genera dilemas bioéticos, ya que elimina la posibilidad de la elección individual de consumir o no el agua fluo...

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Neurotoxicity of sodium fluoride in rats

Cited by 244 publications

References 38 publications

Tissue specific differential response in metabolic activities of cerebrum, cerebellum, pons and medulla associated with thyroid dysfunction in sub-acute fluoride toxicity

Tissue specific differential response in metabolic activities of cerebrum, cerebellum, pons and medulla associated with thyroid dysfunction in sub-acute fluoride toxicity

Immune-Glutamatergic Dysfunction as a Central Mechanism of the Autism Spectrum Disorders

Fluoretação da água de abastecimento público: abordagem bioética, legal e política

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