Neurotoxins and medicinals for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Part 3: Drugs indirectly influencing the dopaminergic system (a review)

Abstract

In recent years, much attention has been given to antiparkinsonian drugs which do not directly influence dopamine and its receptors but nevertheless produce a positive therapeutic action. This part of the review summarizes recent findings and discusses hypotheses concerning the role of antioxidants and inhibitors of adenosine and glutamate NMDA receptors in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Promising approaches are provided by operative methods and gene therapy. The development of Parkinson's disease genetics will probably provide a key to the next generation of antiparkinsonian drugs.

Synthesis of Long‐Chain n‐Alkylphosphonic Acids by Phosphonylation of Alkyl Bromides with Red Phosphorus and Superbase under Micellar/Phase Transfer Catalysis

“…Alkylphosphonic acids, AlkP(O)(OH) 2 , the sought‐after class of organophosphorus compounds, attract great attention as versatile substrates in the synthesis of various biologically active molecules [1] and pharmaceuticals [2] . They and their functionally substituted derivatives are used to create antiretroviral ( e. g ., tenofovir [3] ), antimalarial, [4] antihypertensive [5] and anti‐osteoporosis drugs, antibiotics ( e. g ., fosfomycin [6] ), radiopharmaceuticals, [7] as well as medicines for the treatment of heart failure, [8] diabetes [9] and Parkinson's disease [10] …”