Neurotransmitter-specific identification and characterization of neurons in the all-cone retina of <i>Anolis carolinensis</i>, I: Gamma-aminobutyric acid

Sherry, David M.; Ulshafer, Robert J.

doi:10.1017/s0952523800005617

Cited by 14 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…GABA-IR was always more intense than GLY-IR in cells showing colocalization. The large amacrine cells showing GLY-IR and GABA-IR were similar to the large GABA-IR Anolis Al, and Al 2 amacrine cells reported previously (Sherry & Ulshafer, 1992a). GABA-IR Anolis Al, and Al 2 cells are distinguished by somatic outline and placement; Al, somas have a smooth outline and are located along the INL/IPL border, Al 2 somas often have an irregular outline and are located more distally in the INL.…”

Section: Colocalization Of Gly-ir and Gaba-irsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Neither cell had a visible axon and it is not certain if these cells were ganglion cells or displaced amacrine cells. Intensely GABA-IR cells in the peripheral GCL of Anolis are probably displaced amacrine cells, as no axons have been observed arising from these cells (Sherry & Ulshafer, 1992a). All GCL cells in the parafoveal region of the Anolis retina contain moderate GABA-IR levels (Sherry & Ulshafer, 1992a), and thus all GLY-IR GCL cells in the parafoveal region can be considered double labeled.…”

Section: Colocalization Of Gly-ir and Gaba-irmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Glycine in the lizard retina: Comparison to the GABA system

1993

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Neurons likely to utilize glycine (GLY) as a neurotransmitter were identified immunocytochemically in the "all-cone" lizard retina and the basic anatomical organization of the retinal GLY and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) systems was compared. Four types of GLY-immunoreactive (GLY-IR) neurons were identified. Most GLY-IR cells were amacrine cells, which comprised at least two types. GLY-IR interplexiform cells and ganglion cells also were identified. The first GLY-IR amacrine cell type was characterized by a small pyriform soma, located distal to the border of the inner plexiform layer (IPL), and fine dendrites. Most GLY-IR amacrine cells were of this type and several subtypes may exist within this group. The second amacrine cell type was characterized by a large, distally located soma and a large descending process. This amacrine cell type showed colocalization of GLY-IR and GABA-IR and comprised about 4% of the total GLY-IR amacrine cell population.Comparison of GLY-IR and GABA-IR on serial sections showed that GLY and GABA were present in largely separate neuronal populations. Generally, GLY-IR amacrine cells were smaller, more distally located in the inner nuclear layer and had finer dendrites than GABA-IR amacrine cells. Distribution of GLY-IR and GABA-IR in the outer plexiform layer and the inner plexiform layer differed considerably.Based on the segregated distribution of GLY-IR and GABA-IR in the synaptic layers of the lizard retina, GLY and GABA may have fundamentally different roles in retinal processing.

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Section: Colocalization Of Gly-ir and Gaba-irsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Colocalization Of Gly-ir and Gaba-irmentioning

confidence: 98%

Glycine in the lizard retina: Comparison to the GABA system

1993

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“…The specificities of both antisera have been characterized extensively by Wenthold et al (1986Wenthold et al ( , 1987 and by Sherry and Ulshafer (1992).…”

Section: Immunocytochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Diverse effects of Purkinje cell loss on deep cerebellar and vestibular nuclei neurons in Purkinje cell degeneration mutant mice: A possible compensatory mechanism

Bäurle¹,

Helmchen

Grüsser‐Cornehls

1997

J. Comp. Neurol.

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The genetic defect in the Purkinje cell degeneration (PCD) mutant mouse completely disrupts the cerebellar corticonuclear connection through intrinsic action on the final integrating unit of the cerebellar cortex, the Purkinje cell (PC). The postsynaptic target neurons of the PC in the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) and the vestibular nuclei (VN) are denervated by this PC loss by more than two-thirds of their total y-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic innervation. This massive disinhibition should be reflected in an increased and thus electrophysiologically detectable activity of the respective neurons. To address this question, we performed extracellular recordings of PCD mutant and corresponding wild-type VN neurons under sinusoidal vestibular stimulation. The response amplitudes (neuronal response to sinusoidal rotation) of VN neurons in PCD mutant mice showed a decrease rather than the expected increase. The same was true for the mean resting rate, whereas the phase relationships were unaffected for the most part. This finding is a clear indication of compensatory reactions in the VN that substitute quantitatively for the lost PC inhibition. The expression of the calcium-binding protein parvalbumin (Parv) is assumed to correlate with the physiological activity of neurons, and Parv is localized predominantly in inhibitory neurons. Because inhibitory inter- or projecting neurons are also largely denervated by the PC loss, Parv immunocytochemistry also was performed. In wild-type mice, only very few Parv-immunopositive (Parv+) somata were present in the VN, and none were present in the DCN. In PCD mutant mice, a substantial number of Parv+ neuronal somata were visible in the VN, and even more were visible in the DCN. This increase in Parv+ somata in PCD mutant mice is closely related temporally and spatially to the extent of denervation caused by the PCD. Parv+ neuronal somata are first visible in the dentate nucleus at postnatal day (P) 24 and appear in the other cerebellar and VN up to P29. Direct double labeling of Parv and GABA and of Parv and glycine reveals that the large majority of Parv + neurons colocalize GABA, glycine, or both inhibitory transmitters. These results show that neurons that are postsynaptic to cerebellar PC develop diverse physiological and biochemical reactions in the course of genetically determined PCD. These mechanisms are likely to contribute to the phenotypically mild motor disturbances observed in PCD mutant mice.

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“…Nomenclature for GLU-and ASP-containing cell subtypes was the same as that employed in identifying GABA-containing Anolis retinal cells (Sherry & Ulshafer, 1992). A letter designates the neuronal class followed by a numeral designating the subtype within the class.…”

Section: Immunocytochemistry and Antiseramentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurotransmitter-specific identification and characterization of neurons in the all-cone retina of Anolis carolinensis II: Glutamate and aspartate

Sherry

Ulshafer

1992

Vis Neurosci

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Immunocytochemical and autoradiographic methods were used to identify neurons in the pure cone retina of the lizard (Anolis carolinensis) that are likely to employ glutamate (GLU) or aspartate (ASP) as a neurotransmitter. GLU immunocytochemistry demonstrated high levels of endogenous GLU in all cone types and numerous bipolar cells. Moderate GLU levels were found in horizontal and ganglion cells. Müller cells and most amacrine cells had very low GLU levels. GLU immunoreactivity (GLU-IR) in the cones was present from the inner segment to the synaptic pedicle. A large spherical cell type with moderate GLU-IR was identified in the proximal inner plexiform layer (IPL). These cells also contain ASP and have been tentatively identified as amacrine cells. Uptake of [3H]-L-GLU labeled all retinal layers. All cone types and Müller cells sequestered [3H]-D-ASP, a substrate specific for the GLU transporter. Anti-ASP labeling was observed in cones, horizontal cells, amacrine cells, and cells in the ganglion cell layer. ASP immunoreactivity (ASP-IR) in the cones was confined to the inner segment. One ASP-containing pyriform amacrine cell subtype ramifying in IPL sublamina b was identified. Analysis of GLU-IR, ASP-IR, and GABA-IR on serial sections indicated that there were two distinct populations of horizontal cells in the Anolis retina: one containing GABA-IR, GLU-IR, and ASP-IR; and another type containing only GLU-IR and ASP-IR. Light GLU-IR was frequently found in GABA-containing amacrine cells but ASP-IR was not. The distinct distributions of GLU and ASP may indicate distinctly different roles for these amino acids. GLU, not ASP, is probably the major neurotransmitter in the cone-bipolar-ganglion cell pathway of the Anolis retina. Both GLU and ASP are present in horizontal cells and specific subpopulations of amacrine cells, but it is unclear if GLU or ASP have a neurotransmitter role in these cells.

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Neurotransmitter-specific identification and characterization of neurons in the all-cone retina of Anolis carolinensis, I: Gamma-aminobutyric acid

Cited by 14 publications

References 45 publications

Glycine in the lizard retina: Comparison to the GABA system

Glycine in the lizard retina: Comparison to the GABA system

Diverse effects of Purkinje cell loss on deep cerebellar and vestibular nuclei neurons in Purkinje cell degeneration mutant mice: A possible compensatory mechanism

Neurotransmitter-specific identification and characterization of neurons in the all-cone retina of Anolis carolinensis II: Glutamate and aspartate

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