Neurotrophic factors in Parkinson's disease are regulated by exercise: Evidence-based practice

Silva, Paula Grazielle Chaves da; Domingues, Daniel Desidério; Carvalho, Litia; Allodi, Silvana; Corrêa, Clynton Lourenço

doi:10.1016/j.jns.2016.02.017

Cited by 70 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…The wide range of change in UPSIT scores from the exercise group gives rise to the possibility that there is an individualized neurophysiological response to exercise ([28, 31, 32]). Individualized responses are reported with pharmacological interventions to PD, where some individuals exhibit a strong favorable response to levodopa therapy and others experience modest benefits [33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerobic Exercise Preserves Olfaction Function in Individuals with Parkinson’s Disease

Rosenfeldt

Dey

Alberts

2016

Parkinson's Disease

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Introduction. Based on anecdotal reports of improved olfaction following aerobic exercise, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of an 8-week aerobic exercise program on olfaction function in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods. Thirty-eight participants with idiopathic PD were randomized to either an aerobic exercise group (n = 23) or a nonexercise control group (n = 15). The aerobic exercise group completed a 60-minute cycling session three times per week for eight weeks while the nonexercise control group received no intervention. All participants completed the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) at baseline, end of treatment, and a four-week follow up. Results. Change in UPSIT scores between the exercise and nonexercise groups from baseline to EOT (p = 0.01) and from baseline to EOT+4 (p = 0.02) favored the aerobic exercise group. Individuals in the nonexercise group had worsening olfaction function over time, while the exercise group was spared from decline. Discussion. The difference in UPSIT scores suggested that aerobic exercise may be altering central nervous system pathways that regulate the physiologic or cognitive processes controlling olfaction in individuals with PD. While these results provide promising preliminary evidence that exercise may modify the disease process, further systematic evaluation is necessary.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerobic Exercise Preserves Olfaction Function in Individuals with Parkinson’s Disease

Rosenfeldt

Dey

Alberts

2016

Parkinson's Disease

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“…Under the influence of the training process, increased BDNF expression in the hippocampus, cerebral cortex, ST, brainstem, and spinal cord was observed [131,174,179,181,182]. Animal studies have shown that long-term endurance training increased both TrkB receptor and TH expression in structures involved in extrapyramidal movement regulation, i.e., in the ST and midbrain [128,129,179,[183][184][185].…”

Section: Possible Mechanisms Underlying the Protective Effect Of Bndfmentioning

confidence: 99%

BDNF as a Promising Therapeutic Agent in Parkinson’s Disease

Pałasz

Wysocka

Gąsiorowska

et al. 2020

IJMS

341

197

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Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) promotes neuroprotection and neuroregeneration. In animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD), BDNF enhances the survival of dopaminergic neurons, improves dopaminergic neurotransmission and motor performance. Pharmacological therapies of PD are symptom-targeting, and their effectiveness decreases with the progression of the disease; therefore, new therapeutical approaches are needed. Since, in both PD patients and animal PD models, decreased level of BDNF was found in the nigrostriatal pathway, it has been hypothesized that BDNF may serve as a therapeutic agent. Direct delivery of exogenous BDNF into the patient's brain did not relieve the symptoms of disease, nor did attempts to enhance BDNF expression with gene therapy. Physical training was neuroprotective in animal models of PD. This effect is mediated, at least partly, by BDNF. Animal studies revealed that physical activity increases BDNF and tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) expression, leading to inhibition of neurodegeneration through induction of transcription factors and expression of genes related to neuronal proliferation, survival, and inflammatory response. This review focuses on the evidence that increasing BDNF level due to gene modulation or physical exercise has a neuroprotective effect and could be considered as adjunctive therapy in PD.

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“…Since the brain release of neurotrophic factors is partially exercise-related (44, 45), the reduction in exercise at a societal level may contribute to the increasing prevalence of PD and other neurodegenerative disorders in our era of digital revolution.…”

Section: Pd Prevalence Has Increased Over the Course Of Human Storymentioning

confidence: 99%

Parkinson Disease: An Evolutionary Perspective

Ruiz

Espay

2017

Front. Neurol.

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There are two central premises to this evolutionary view of Parkinson disease (PD). First, PD is a specific human disease. Second, the prevalence of PD has increased over the course of human history. Several lines of evidence may explain why PD appears to be restricted to the human species. The major manifestations of PD are the consequence of degeneration in the dopamine-synthesizing neurons of the mesostriatal neuronal pathway. It is of note the enormous expansion of the human dopamine mesencephalic neurons onto the striatum compared with other mammals. Hence, an evolutionary bottle neck was reached with the expansion of the massive nigrostriatal axonal arborization. This peculiar nigral overload may partly explain the selective fragility of the human dopaminergic mesencephalic neurotransmission and the unique presence of PD in humans. On the other hand, several facts may explain the increasing prevalence of PD over the centuries. The apparently low prevalence of PD before the twentieth century may be related to the shorter life expectancy and survival compared to present times. In addition, changes in lifestyle over the course of human history might also account for the increasing burden of PD. Our hunter-gatherers ancestors invested large energy expenditure on a daily basis, a prototypical physical way of life for which our genome remains adapted. Technological advances have led to a dramatic reduction of physical exercise. Since the brain release of neurotrophic factors (including brain-derived neurotrophic factor) is partially exercise related, the marked reduction in exercise may contribute to the increasing prevalence of PD.

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Neurotrophic factors in Parkinson's disease are regulated by exercise: Evidence-based practice

Cited by 70 publications

References 108 publications

Aerobic Exercise Preserves Olfaction Function in Individuals with Parkinson’s Disease

Aerobic Exercise Preserves Olfaction Function in Individuals with Parkinson’s Disease

BDNF as a Promising Therapeutic Agent in Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson Disease: An Evolutionary Perspective

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