Neutral organic compounds in biologically treated bleached kraft mill effluents

Voss, Ronald H.

doi:10.1021/es00130a009

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Further, the peaks at RT 20.77 min, RT 24.29 min, RT 25.7 min and RT 25.70 min were identified as dibutyl phthalate, benzyl butyl phthalate and butyl cyclohexyl phthalate, respectively. Phthalate derivatives such as butyl phthalate and bis (2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate had been reported during fungal peroxidase degradation of lignosulfonate41 and also from photo‐degradation of black liquor lignin 42…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decolourisation and treatment of pulp and paper mill effluent by lignin‐degrading Bacillus sp.

Raj

Reddy

Chandra

2007

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decolourisation and treatment of pulp and paper mill effluent by lignin‐degrading Bacillus sp.

Raj

Reddy

Chandra

2007

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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“…Corresponding spectra from silylated fractions were compared to identify compounds with hydroxyl groups. All 37 spectra were compared with available National Institute of Standards and Technology databases containing 60,000 spectra, spectra from low‐molecular compounds in pulp and paper mill effluents available in the literature [27–29], and published spectra on steroids [30]. Two substances (nos.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of putative ligands for a fish gonadal androgen receptor in a pulp mill effluent

Larsson

Adolfsson-Erici

Thomas

2006

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

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Fish exposed to pulp and paper mill effluents often become masculinized. A plausible hypothesis is that this is caused by activation of androgen receptors. The present study aimed to investigate if ligands for the fish gonadal androgen receptor (AR2) are present in pulp mill effluent and to characterize/identify these compounds. Extracts of both primary and biologically treated effluents from a Swedish kraft pulp mill were fractionated chemically. Fractions were tested in competitive binding assays for AR2 from ovaries of the Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus). Primary effluent contained 96 ng dihydrotestosterone equivalents/ L, whereas biologically treated effluent was 16 times less potent. Further fractionations and assays of binding activities were performed on the primary effluent. Eight final fractions displaced androgen in the binding assay, and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analyses revealed that these contained 37 detectable compounds that were not present in inactive fractions. The majority were moderately polar compounds between 200 and 400 g/mol with hydroxyl/carbonyl groups. Two compounds were ruled out because of their lack of binding to AR2. The mass spectra of a third compound matched that of 4-hydroxy-3 (2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxophenyl)ethyl)-5-metoxyacetophenon, but the remaining candidates could not be fully identified. A search for 21 known steroidal AR2 ligands showed that progesterone, a relatively strong AR2 ligand, was present in the primary effluent (1.6 microg/L) but was removed during the biological treatment step. The detection of multiple fractions with significant binding activity indicates that a variety of compounds in effluents have the potential to masculinize fish near pulp mills via an androgen receptor-mediated mechanism.

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“…Although no claim could be made to suggest that the family of methyl‐substituted 2‐cyclopentenones can directly influence fish reproduction, there were indications that analyzing effluents for these compounds could provide useful information that a mill's operating conditions may be unfavorable in terms of potential effects on fish reproduction. The methyl‐substituted 2‐cyclopentenones were originally reported to be the degradation products of cellulose resulting from the kraft cooking of wood chips 13. As such, these compounds could be indicators for excessive organic losses associated with the cooking liquor (black liquor) in kraft pulping, including condensates from the evaporation stage of the recovery process, and represent the unfavorable or atypical mill operating conditions that can result in greater probability of reproductive effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The GC/MS analysis also pointed to a potential marker of organics loss from kraft mills in the form of a family of methyl‐substituted 2‐cyclopentenones. These compounds are known cellulose degradation products that are formed in the digester during the cooking process (cooking of wood chips in the presence of sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfite) 13. During monitoring of effluent quality at a kraft mill, the levels of methyl‐substituted 2‐cyclopentenones were found to increase at times of in‐plant upsets or inefficient biotreatment 7, and it was during these periods that the effluent affected egg production the most.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kraft mill effluent survey: Progress toward best management practices for reducing effects on fish reproduction

Kovács

Martel

O’Connor

et al. 2011

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

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Pulp and paper mill effluents have been linked to effects on fish reproduction for more than 25 years. To date, the causes of these effects and remedial strategies have eluded investigators. Recent work has shown that the degree of reproductive effect caused by a mill effluent is related to the overall organic content. If verified, this could lead to breakthroughs for best management practices (BMPs). For this study, the effluents from seven kraft mills were assessed for their ability to reduce egg production in fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) in the laboratory. At the same time, the effluents were analyzed for three parameters thought to be good indicators of organic losses: biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), methyl-substituted 2-cyclopentenones (cellulose degradation products), and a gas chromatographic (GC) profile index, which integrates the total area of the chromatographic peaks of solvent-extracted effluents using low-resolution mass spectrometry. The results showed that the degree to which the effluents reduced egg production increased with increased organic losses as characterized by BOD and the GC profile index. Therefore, these parameters could be used to guide BMPs at kraft mills according to specific targets: BOD < 20 mg/L and GC profile index equivalent to effluent with BOD of 20 mg/L. Such targets should be achievable by good in-plant control of organic losses and optimized effluent biotreatment systems.

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Neutral organic compounds in biologically treated bleached kraft mill effluents

Cited by 15 publications

References 4 publications

Decolourisation and treatment of pulp and paper mill effluent by lignin‐degrading Bacillus sp.

Decolourisation and treatment of pulp and paper mill effluent by lignin‐degrading Bacillus sp.

Characterization of putative ligands for a fish gonadal androgen receptor in a pulp mill effluent

Kraft mill effluent survey: Progress toward best management practices for reducing effects on fish reproduction

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