Neutralization of Naja naja venom induced lethality, edema and myonecrosis by ethanolic root extract of Coix lacryma-jobi

Rajesh, K. S.; Bharath, Basavapattana Rudresh; Rao, Ch. V.; Bhat, K. Ishwar; Bhat, Krishna L.; Bhat, Parvati

doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2017.11.005

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…MAP from leaves and roots, when studied in-vitro against N.N venom has shown neutralizing properties against phosphomonoesterase, phosphodiesterase, acetylcholinesterase, phospholipase A 2 , hyaluronidase, L-amino acid oxidase, ATPase and fibrinolytic activities (Gopi et al, 2011;R S A, P C and Gnaniah, 2014;Sivakumar A, Manikandan A, 2015;Mani, 2015). The extract was capable of reducing edema (R S A, P C and Gnaniah, 2014; Rajesh et al, 2017) and hemorrhage (Alam, 2014) in-vivo and also prolonged the survival time in mice (Premendran et al 2011). In the light of encouraging findings obtained with TEG (Nayak, Ahammad, et al, 2020) and inhibition of venom acetylcholinesterase (AchE) and hyaluronidase (Nayak, Kumar, et al, 2020) by a combination of ASV and MAP, it was thought worthwhile to explore the effects of this combined strategy on secondary hemostasis which involves the extrinsic, intrinsic and common pathways of clotting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Evaluation of the merit of the methanolic extract of Andrographis paniculata to supplement anti-snake venom in reversing secondary hemostatic abnormalities induced by Naja naja venom

et al. 2021

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Increasing evidence suggests a sizable involvement of hemotoxins in the morbidity associated with envenomation by the Indian spectacled cobra, Naja naja (N.N). This study investigates the ability of Indian polyvalent anti-snake venom (ASV), methanolic extract of Andrographis paniculata (MAP) and their combination in reversing the hemostatic abnormalities, viz. activated partial thromboplastin time(aPTT), prothrombin time(PT) and thrombin time(TT) in citrated plasma. These parameters were assessed in 2 groups of experiments. Group 1: Without the prior incubation of plasma with venom and Group 2: With prior incubation of plasma with venom for 90 min at 37°C. Venom caused significant (p < 0.001) prolongation in aPTT (175%), PT (49%) and TT (34%) in Group 1 and ASV could completely bring them back to normal. MAP showed a concentration-dependent reversal in aPTT, normalization of PT and prolongation of TT. When low concentration of ASV was supplemented with MAP, their combined effect in normalizing aPTT and PT improved by 37% and 26% respectively when compared to ASV alone. In Group 2, venom caused significant (p < 0.001) prolongation in aPTT (231%), PT (312%) and TT (245%). ASV had limited effect in reversing aPTT (52%), TT (31%) but completely normalized PT. MAP was marginally effective in reversing the prolonged aPTT and PT but caused further prolongation of TT. Combination of ASV and MAP was more effective than ASV alone in reversing venom-induced increase in aPTT (52%) and PT (29%). The study proved that, a drastic reduction of ASV by 70%, could be effectively supplemented by MAP in combating hemostatic abnormalities induced by NN venom.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Evaluation of the merit of the methanolic extract of Andrographis paniculata to supplement anti-snake venom in reversing secondary hemostatic abnormalities induced by Naja naja venom

et al. 2021

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“…ARE has been shown to respond to hypoxic, low-temperature, and dehydration stress ( Jang, 2016 ). Ethylene is an important gaseous phytohormone, playing a crucial role in plant growth and development and the response to biotic or abiotic stresses, and genes with ERE located in the promoter may be involved in ethylene response in plants ( Rajesh et al, 2017 ). We also found several other cis- acting elements, including MBS, LTR, TC-rich repeat, TGA element, AuxRR core, GARE motif, P Box, ABRE, CGTCA motif, TGACG motif, TCA element, and W-box.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small RNA Sequencing Revealed that miR4415, a Legume-Specific miRNA, was Involved in the Cold Acclimation of Ammopiptanthus nanus by Targeting an L-Ascorbate Oxidase Gene and Regulating the Redox State of Apoplast

et al. 2022

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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small endogenous single-stranded RNAs that regulate plant growth, development, and environmental stress response posttranscriptionally. Ammopiptanthus nanus, a rare evergreen broad-leaved shrub in the temperate area of Central Asia, can tolerate freezing stress as low as –30 degrees centigrade in winter, and miRNA might be involved in the cold acclimation which enables A. nanus to obtain tolerance to freezing stress. Systematic identification and functional analysis of the miRNAs involved in the cold acclimation in A. nanus may promote understanding of the miRNA-mediated gene regulation network underlying cold acclimation. Here, based on small RNA and degradome sequencing, 256 miRNAs and 1,808 miRNA-target pairs were identified in A. nanus. A total of 39 cold-responsive miRNAs were identified, of which 29 were upregulated and ten were downregulated. These cold-responsive miRNAs may participate in the cold acclimation by regulating redox homeostasis (miR398, miR4415, and miR408), calcium signaling (miR5225 and miR5211), growth and development (miR159 and miR390), and small RNA–mediated gene silencing (miR168 and miR1515). We found that miR4415, a legume-specific miRNA, is involved in the cold acclimation of A. nanus by targeting an L-ascorbate oxidase gene and then regulating the redox state of the apoplast. Our study provides important data for understanding the regulatory role of miRNA in the cold acclimation of A. nanus.

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“…Following the method of Rajesh et al (2017), Phospholipase A 2 assay was performed. 1% lecithin, 0.1 mM CaCl 2 and 1.2% erythrocytes were suspended in 0.8% agarose to form a plate and were used for the study.…”

Section: Anti Phospholipase a 2 Activity By The Herementioning

confidence: 99%

Antivenom Activity of Solanum xanthocarpum Hydroethanolic Root Extract Targeting the Enzymes Present in Naja Snake Venom

Choudhary¹,

Khandelwal²

2023

IJAR

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Background: The work reported in this paper targets the ethnobotanical role of one of the traditional medicinal plant Solanum xanthocarpum, whose medicinal value was reported in Ayurveda. Traditionally Solanum xanthocarpum was used as the antidote for treatment of snake bites by different tribal community of India, to explore and scientifically validate these concept this work was planned. Methods: We have prepared the hydro ethanolic root extract (HERE) of Solanum xanthocarpum and investigated its pharmacological activity both in vitro and in vivo, targeting the enzymes present in Naja snake venom. We have used the wistar albino rat as the animal model in our study. Result: It was inferred by our study that Solanum xanthocarpum is safe for wistar albino rats upto 2000 mg/kg body weight. Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and anti-fibrinogenolytic activity are significantly neutralized by Solanum xanthocarpum. Dose dependent inhibition of human red blood cell (HRBC) lysis was also observed. In the future, bioactive compounds from HERE could be isolated and standardized to act as an antidote to Naja venom.

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Neutralization of Naja naja venom induced lethality, edema and myonecrosis by ethanolic root extract of Coix lacryma-jobi

Abstract: Graphical abstract

Cited by 17 publications

References 27 publications

Evaluation of the merit of the methanolic extract of Andrographis paniculata to supplement anti-snake venom in reversing secondary hemostatic abnormalities induced by Naja naja venom

Evaluation of the merit of the methanolic extract of Andrographis paniculata to supplement anti-snake venom in reversing secondary hemostatic abnormalities induced by Naja naja venom

Small RNA Sequencing Revealed that miR4415, a Legume-Specific miRNA, was Involved in the Cold Acclimation of Ammopiptanthus nanus by Targeting an L-Ascorbate Oxidase Gene and Regulating the Redox State of Apoplast

Antivenom Activity of Solanum xanthocarpum Hydroethanolic Root Extract Targeting the Enzymes Present in Naja Snake Venom

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