Neutralization of staphylococcal exotoxins in vitro by human-origin intravenous immunoglobulin

Yanagisawa, Chie; Hanaki, Hideaki; Natae, Taiji; Sunakawa, Keisuke

doi:10.1007/s10156-007-0551-6

Cited by 48 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Human-origin intravenous immunoglobulin has a neutralizing effect on TSST-1 and SE produced by MRSA. 29) It may be useful for passive immunization therapy in patients with MRSA bacteremia. Protein synthesis inhibitors may also be useful for the treatment of severe staphylococcal infections associated with the production of SAgT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Staphylococcal Toxins and Clinical Outcomes of Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Bacteremia

Maeda

Shoji

Shirakura

et al. 2016

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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It is well known that methicillin-resistantVancomycin (VCM) has been the standard treatment for MRSA infections for over 50 years. The area under the concentration-time curve [AUC/minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ratio] is a representative parameter of the pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics (PK-PD) of VCM.3) The Infectious Diseases Society of America recommends a target AUC/ MIC>400 for the treatment of severe MRSA infections. 4)However, this is often difficult to achieve for MRSA strains with high VCM MICs, thus increasing the risk of insufficient therapeutic response. Previous meta-analyses have attempted to address the association between MIC and clinical outcomes. [5][6][7] In contrast to these studies, a recent meta-analysis examining 8291 episodes reported no differences in the risk of death between patients with S. aureus high and low VCM MICs. 8) These results highlight the current lack of consensus regarding the relationship between VCM MICs and the prognosis of patients with MRSA infections.Our previous study measured MICs at 0.25 µg/mL intervals using the broth microdilution method and found that VCM MICs≥1.5 µg/mL affected the prognosis for MRSA bacteremia. 9) However, there were no significant differences in VCM AUC/MIC and clinical prognosis between the groups.The pathological mechanism of S. aureus infections includes infectious pathogenicity such as pneumonia, cellulitis, osteomyelitis, and infective endocarditis as well as toxic pathogenicity such as food poisoning and toxic shock syndrome.10,11) Several virulence factors have been reported to be associated with the clinical outcomes of MRSA infections. The expression of major virulence factors, such as Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), is known to be correlated with higher mortality in community-associated MRSA infections. 12,13) We believe that toxic pathogenicity is closely associated with patient prognosis. S. aureus is known to produce various virulence factors, 14) such as toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) and staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs), which are superantigenic toxins (SAgT) associated with severe infections. 11,15,16) A previous study reported that TSST-1 and SEC1 caused shock when intravenously injected into an animal model. 17) In addition, recent experimental study showed that SAgT play a critical role in the development and progression of S. aureus infective endocarditis and sepsis.18) However, the association between SAgT and the prognosis of patients with MRSA bacteremia has not been sufficiently studied. Therefore, here we aimed to examine the effects of staphylococcal virulence factors on the prognosis of patients with MRSA bacteremia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Staphylococcal Toxins and Clinical Outcomes of Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Bacteremia

Maeda

Shoji

Shirakura

et al. 2016

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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“…Control PCT stimulation without IVIG, None no stimulation IVIG is used to treat severe infections in Japan. One mechanism of action of IVIG in infectious diseases is proposed to involve a variety of specific antibodies to bacterial cell components and toxins [16][17][18]. In addition, it has been reported that IVIG contains neutralizing antibodies against some cytokines such as granulocyte-macrophage colonystimulating factor, IL-1a and interferon-a2a [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intravenous immunoglobulin prevents release of proinflammatory cytokines in human monocytic cells stimulated with procalcitonin

et al. 2012

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“…The efficacy of IVIG is due to the presence of antibodies that neutralize bacterial toxins, including SAgs. Several studies have shown that IVIG is able to neutralize SAg activity in cell culture supernatant from clinical GAS and S. aureus isolates, as well as recombinant SAgs [317,[319][320][321]. The clinical efficacy of IVIG in TSS has been documented in several reports and was reviewed by NorrbyTeglund et al [317].…”

Section: Intravenous Immunoglobulin (Ivig)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial superantigens and superantigen-like toxins

Langley

Fraser

Proft

2015

The Comprehensive Sourcebook of Bacterial Protein Toxins

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Neutralization of staphylococcal exotoxins in vitro by human-origin intravenous immunoglobulin

Cited by 48 publications

References 21 publications

Analysis of Staphylococcal Toxins and Clinical Outcomes of Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Bacteremia

Analysis of Staphylococcal Toxins and Clinical Outcomes of Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Bacteremia

Intravenous immunoglobulin prevents release of proinflammatory cytokines in human monocytic cells stimulated with procalcitonin

Bacterial superantigens and superantigen-like toxins

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