Neutrino(antineutrino)–nucleus interactions in the shallow- and deep-inelastic scattering regions

Abstract

In ν/ν-Nucleon/Nucleus interactions Shallow Inelastic Scattering (SIS) is technically defined in terms of the four-momentum transfer to the hadronic system as non-resonant meson production with Q 2 1 GeV 2. This non-resonant meson production intermixes with resonant meson production in a regime of similar effective hadronic mass W of the interaction. As Q 2 grows and surpasses this ≈ 1 GeV 2 limit, non-resonant interactions begin to take place with quarks within the nucleon indicating the start of Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS). To essentially separate this resonant plus non-resonant meson production from DIS quark-fragmented meson production, a cut of 2 GeV in W of the interactions is generally introduced. However, since experimentally mesons from resonance decay cannot be separated from non-resonant produced mesons, SIS for all practical purposes in this review has been defined as inclusive meson production that includes non-resonant plus resonant meson production and the interference between them. Experimentally then for W 2 GeV inclusive meson production with W (M N + M π) and all Q 2 is here defined as SIS, while for W 2 GeV, the kinematic region with Q 2 1 GeV 2 is defined as DIS. The so defined SIS and DIS regions have received varying degrees of attention from the community. While the theoretical / phenomenological study of ν-nucleon and ν-nucleus DIS scattering is advanced, such studies of a large portion of the SIS region, particularly the SIS to DIS transition region, have hardly begun. Experimentally, the SIS and the DIS regions for ν-nucleon scattering have minimal results and only in the experimental study of the ν-nucleus DIS region are there significant results for some nuclei. Since current and future neutrino oscillation experiments have contributions from both higher W SIS and DIS kinematic regions and these regions are in need of both considerable theoretical and experimental study, this review will concentrate on these SIS to DIS transition and DIS kinematic regions surveying our knowledge and the current challenges.

The SuSA Model for Neutrino Oscillation Experiments: From Quasielastic Scattering to the Resonance Region

“…It was first suggested in Reference [26] that the scaling behaviour of (e, e ) data can also be used as an input to obtain reliable predictions for neutrino-nucleus cross-sections. This idea is at the basis of the SuSA model, which essentially amounts to replacing the RFG superscaling function (20) with a phenomenological one, f SuSA (ψ), extracted by the analysis of electron scattering data as the ratio between the double differential cross section and an appropriate single-nucleon function [36,37]. The analysis of the longitudinal quasielastic data shows that this function is very weakly dependent on the momentum transfer q, providing that the latter is high enough (namely larger than about 400 MeV/c) to allow for the impulse approximation; this property is usually referred to as scaling of first kind.…”

“…While the QE region has been extensively studied in recent years by various groups [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19], the resonance region between the QE and the DIS regimes still needs to be fully investigated [1,20]. This region corresponds to the excitation of nucleon resonances and will play a major role in the kinematic domain explored by DUNE.…”

A New Generation of Neutrino Cross Section Experiments: Challenges and Opportunities

“…This is the so called "pion puzzle". The complications of pion data analyses lay not only on their primary production models, but also on the pion final state interactions and on the fact that all hadronic processes related to shallow inelastic scattering (SIS) and DIS regions have to be modeled correctly, another major challenge [4,56,145,146].…”

The Forward Physics Facility: Sites, Experiments, and Physics Potential

“…In the electromagnetic sector, these can be described by the quark-hadron duality phenomenon that provides a connection between the average value of interaction strengths in the quark-gluon description of the DIS formalism at high Q 2 , and the average value of interaction strengths in the pion-nucleon description in the region of resonance excitation at low Q 2 [174,175]. Although the duality has been extensively studied both experimentally and theoretically with electromagnetic-induced processes, it is only poorly known in the weak sector [176]. The experiments at FPF are expected to have O( 103 ) neutrino events in this kinematic region and would provide a rare opportunity to study quark-hadron duality in the weak sector.…”