New 40Ar/39Ar, stratigraphic and palaeoclimatic data on the Isernia La Pineta Lower Palaeolithic site, Molise, Italy

Coltorti, Mauro; Féraud, Gilbert; Marzoli, Andréa; Peretto, Carlo; Ton-That, Thao; Voinchet, Pierre; Bahain, Jean‐Jacques; Minelli, Antonella; Hohenstein, Ursula Thun

doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2004.07.004

Cited by 152 publications

(89 citation statements)

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“…Even if this pattern clearly testifies to a complex tectonic evolution, it is currently constrained by fewand uncertain -chronological data (i.a. Brancaccio et al 1979;Brancaccio et al 2000;Coltorti et al 2005;Di Bucci et al 2005). In particular, recent studies by Amato et al (2010) and Russo have added some new chronological constraints for the Middle Pleistocene paleosurface of the Sessano intramontane basin located along the northwestern margin of the Montagnola di Frosolone massif (Fig.…”

Section: New Morphostratigraphic and Chronological Constraints For Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

New morphostratigraphic and chronological constraints for the Quaternary paleosurfaces of the Molise Apennine (southern Italy)

Aucelli¹,

Amato²,

Cesarano³

et al. 2011

Geologica Carpathica

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Abstract:The Molise Apennines feature numerous relicts of paleosurfaces, mostly of erosional origin, which represent the remnants of gently-rolling ancient landscapes now hanging at different altitudes above the local base-levels of erosion. Their genesis can be related to prolonged periods of relative tectonic stability alternating with periods of uplift, or to the interplay between steady tectonic uplift and climatic fluctuations. Four orders of paleosurfaces were recognized: I ( > 1,100 m a.s.l.), II (900-1,000 m a.s.l.), III (750-850 m a.s.l.), IV (600-720 m a.s.l.). The most ancient orders (I and II) are cut into the bedrock and are located at the top of the Matese and Montagnola di Frosolone massifs. The youngest paleosurfaces (III-IV), partially cut into Quaternary deposits, are found along the valley flanks of the main river systems and within the Boiano, Carpino, Isernia and Sessano intramontane basins. The present study deals with the dating of the Sessano Basin Paleosurface (SBP) which is related to the IV order and is cut into the basin infill. The 40 Ar/ 39 Ar age of a tephra layer (437 ± 1.9 ka), intercalated at the top of the succession, supported by archaeo-stratigraphic, palynological and paleopedological data, allowed the SBP surface to be constrained to 350-300 ka. The SBP chronological position represents an important morphostratigraphic marker: it is the first ante quem and post quem date that allows the chronological position of the other orders of paleosurfaces to be better constrained.

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Section: New Morphostratigraphic and Chronological Constraints For Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

New morphostratigraphic and chronological constraints for the Quaternary paleosurfaces of the Molise Apennine (southern Italy)

Aucelli¹,

Amato²,

Cesarano³

et al. 2011

Geologica Carpathica

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“…It consists of a large open-air succession of occupations, mainly characterized by wide bone accumulations, close to a river (Coltorti et al, 1982;Peretto, 1983). Several 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages provided a reference age of 610 ± 10 ka, corresponding to MIS 15 (Coltorti et al, 2005;Shao et al, 2011). The tools are considered matching with an opportunistic late Mode 1 lithic industry (Coltorti et al, 1982;Peretto, 1983;Rufo et al, 2009).…”

Section: La Pinetamentioning

confidence: 99%

Hominin responses to environmental changes during the Middle Pleistocene in central and southern Italy

et al. 2013

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The palaeobotanical record of early Palaeolithic sites from Western Europe indicates that hominins settled in different kinds of environments. During the "Mid-Pleistocene Transition (MPT)", from about 1 to 0.6 Ma, the transition from 41-ka to 100-ka dominant climatic oscillations, occurring within a long-term cooling trend, was associated with an aridity crisis which strongly modified the ecosystems. Starting from the MPT the more favorable climate of central and southern Italy provided propitious environmental conditions for long-term human occupations even during the glacial times. In fact, the human strategy of territory occupation was certainly driven by the availabilities of resources. Prehistoric sites such as Notarchirico (ca. 680–600 ka), La Pineta (ca. 600–620 ka), Gaudo San Nicola (ca. 380–350 ka) or Ceprano (ca. 345–355 ka) testify to a preferential occupation of the central and southern Apennines valleys during interglacial phases, while later interglacial occupations were oriented towards the coastal plains, as attested by the numerous settlements of the Roma basin (ca. 300 ka). Faunal remains indicate that human subsistence behaviors benefited of a diversity of exploitable ecosystems, from semi-open to closed environments. In central and southern Italy, several palynological records have already illustrated the regional and local scale vegetation dynamic trends. During the Middle Pleistocene climate cycles, mixed mesophytic forests developed during the interglacial periods and withdrew in response to increasing aridity during the glacial episodes. New pollen data from the Boiano basin (Molise, Italy), attest to the evolution of vegetation and climate between OIS 13 and 9 (ca. 500 to 300 ka). In this basin, the persistence of high edaphic humidity, even during the glacial phases, could have favored the establishment of a refuge area for the arboreal flora and provided subsistence resources for the animal and hominin communities during the Middle Pleistocene. This could have constrained human groups to migrate into such a propitious area. Regarding to the local climate evolution during the glacial episodes, the supposed displacement from these sites could be linked to the environmental dynamics solely due to the aridity increase rather than directly to the global climate changes

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“…There are a few claims for early occurrences that may fall into the earlier Middle Pleistocene, but the contexts are generally poorly dated and/or the claims inadequately supported. In Europe, at Isernia La Pineta (Italy), pebbles and fragments of ochreous material were identified (Cremaschi and Peretto 1988) in a context dated to ~610 ka (Coltorti et al 2005). Beaumont has claimed Acheulean pigment use at three sites in the Northern Cape (South Africa) (Beaumont and Vogel 2006: 222).…”

Section: • Paleoanthropology 2013mentioning

confidence: 99%

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2013

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Reproductive synchrony or desynchrony of primate females influences number and fitness of males in mating systems. Langur monkey populations provide a natural experiment for observing alternative female strategies of confusing or concentrating paternity. Where females escape seasonal reproductive constraints, they desynchronize fertility and show visible cues (menstruation), enabling single males to monopolize matings. This increases female fitness by reducing food competition. Where langurs are seasonally constrained, females conceal fertility, confusing paternity and reducing infanticide. These case studies illuminate how hominin females could increase male numbers and investment. Fitness payoffs to male investors will be affected by degree of reproductive seasonal constraint, and by females either concealing or confusing menstrual cues of imminent fertility. Among ancestors of modern humans and Neanderthals these strategies diverged. Under pressure of encephalization, modern human female ancestors, less seasonally constrained, pursued a strategy of cosmeticization of menstrual signals. This Female Cosmetic Coalitions model accounts for the African Middle Stone Age record of pigment use. Among Neanderthals, strategies alternated. Severe seasonality during glacial cycles tied Neanderthal males into pair-bonds, suppressing cosmetic signaling. Only during interglacials when seasonality relaxed would Neanderthal females require blood-red cosmetics. Our Seasonality Thermostat model explains why European ochre use correlates with climate through the Middle to Late Pleistocene. INTRODUCTION There is a growing consensus that evolving Homo mothers relied on cooperative breeding to raise larger-bodied, larger-brained offspring (e.g., Aiello and Key 2002;Barrickman et al. 2008;Burkart et al. 2009;Robson and Wood 2008;Shultz et al. 2012;van Schaik et al. 2006 Models for cultural levels of human cooperation (Boyd and Richerson 1992, 2005Gintis et al. 2003;Henrich and Boyd 2001;Henrich et al. 2003Henrich et al. , 2006Nowak and Sigmund 2005;Richerson et al. 2003), invoke multilevel and group selection processes, but ignore what is most difficult to explain-how to secure cooperation between the sexes, given the trade-off between investing in current offspring versus future mating opportunities (cf. Bowles 2006). One game theory model (Key 1998(Key , 2000 incorporated the differences of reproductive energetic costs to specify conditions for the evolution of cooperation that can be practically applied to the fossil record. Yet even these conditions do not identify how females induced males to subsidize their reproduction (Kaplan et al. 2000;Marlowe 2001). Recent models (Gavrilets 2012) highlight the difficulty of shifting from systems of significant male mating competition into productive male investment, where males face a social dilemma of ceding fitness advantage to free-riding rivals.If we can define the mechanisms available to Homo females giving them leverage against male defection through the Early to Middle Plei...

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New 40Ar/39Ar, stratigraphic and palaeoclimatic data on the Isernia La Pineta Lower Palaeolithic site, Molise, Italy

Cited by 152 publications

References 10 publications

New morphostratigraphic and chronological constraints for the Quaternary paleosurfaces of the Molise Apennine (southern Italy)

New morphostratigraphic and chronological constraints for the Quaternary paleosurfaces of the Molise Apennine (southern Italy)

Hominin responses to environmental changes during the Middle Pleistocene in central and southern Italy

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