New 5-Aminotetrazole-Based Energetic Polymers: Synthesis, Structure and Properties

Abstract

An N-glycidyl-5-aminotetrazole homopolymer was synthesized herein by nucleophilic substitution of 5-aminotetrazole heterocycles for chlorine atoms in poly-(epichlorohydrin)-butanediol. Copolymers of N-glycidyl-5-aminotetrazole and glycidyl azide with a varied ratio of energetic elements were synthesized by simultaneously reacting the 5-aminotetrazole sodium salt and the azide ion with the starting polymeric matrix. The 5-aminotetrazole-based homopolymer was nitrated to furnish a polymer whose macromolecule is enriched additionally with energy-rich terminal ONO2 groups and nitrate anions. The structures of the synthesized polymers were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR and IR spectroscopies, elemental analysis and gel-permeation chromatography. The densities were experimentally measured, and thermal stability data were acquired by differential scanning calorimetry. The insertion of aminotetrazole heterocycles into the polymeric chain and their modification via nitration provides an acceptable thermal stability and a considerable enhancement in density and nitrogen content compared to azide homopolymer GAP. By the 1.3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction, we demonstrated the conceptual possibility of preparing spatially branched, energy-rich polymeric binders bearing 5-aminotetrazole and 1,2,3-triazole heterocycles starting from the plasticized azide copolymers. The presence of the aforesaid advantages makes the reported polymers attractive candidates for use as a scaffold of energetic binders.

3D Electron-Rich ZIF-67 Coordination Compounds Based on 2-Methylimidazole: Synthesis, Characterization and Effect on Thermal Decomposition of RDX, HMX, CL-20, DAP-4 and AP

“…The reason is that these two types of catalysts often need to be calcined, or they absorb other substances when exposed to air in the preparation process. On the other hand, the inert metal or composite metal oxide raw materials lower the energy level of solid propellants [ 8 , 9 ].…”

(2‐Vinyltetrazolyl)furoxans as New Potential Energetic Monomers

“…Therefore, the synthesis of new energetic monomers based on organic nitrogen-rich frameworks bearing various explosophoric functionalities and exhibiting higher performance remains an urgent task. [21][22][23] One of the promising strategies toward the construction of energetic materials with enhanced performance involves a combination of several heterocyclic rings and/or explosophoric moieties, which would combine the advantages of each of the structural components. [24][25][26][27][28] In this sense, 1,2,5-oxadiazole 2oxide (furoxan) attracts significant attention due to its highly positive enthalpy of formation (198.5 kJ mol À 1 ) and the huge nitrogen-oxygen content presented within the core.…”

“…Unfortunately, all known energetic monomers and polymers exhibit characteristics inferior to known explosives. Therefore, the synthesis of new energetic monomers based on organic nitrogen‐rich frameworks bearing various explosophoric functionalities and exhibiting higher performance remains an urgent task [21–23] …”