New acridone from the wood of <i>Citrus reticulata</i> Blanco

Phetkul, Uraiwan; Wanlaso, Nutthakran; Mahabusarakam, Wilawan; Phongpaichit, Souwalak; Carroll, Anthony Richard

doi:10.1080/14786419.2013.793687

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…When 1 was discovered [114], its bitter taste and some preliminary assays disguised it as an alkaloid probably suggesting to Berlays [115] the stem-in(e) which was commonly used for quinine-like compounds. Limonin has also recently been found in Citrus genus plant bark [25,116,117], and root [118], tissues. In addition to the above reported plants, 1 has been isolated from numerous non-Citrus species such as the endemic Brazilian species Raulinoa echinata [119], Glycosmis parva (a wild small shrub distributed in Thailand) [120], Poncirus trifoliata (a tree that is widely distributed in China) [121], and Dictamnus angustifolius [27,122,123].…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 91%

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The Chemistry and Pharmacology of Citrus Limonoids

et al. 2016

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Citrus limonoids (CLs) are a group of highly oxygenated terpenoid secondary metabolites found mostly in the seeds, fruits and peel tissues of citrus fruits such as lemons, limes, oranges, pumellos, grapefruits, bergamots, and mandarins. Represented by limonin, the aglycones and glycosides of CLs have shown to display numerous pharmacological activities including anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic and insecticidal among others. In this review, the chemistry and pharmacology of CLs are systematically scrutinised through the use of medicinal chemistry tools and structure-activity relationship approach. Synthetic derivatives and other structurally-related limonoids from other sources are include in the analysis. With the focus on literature in the past decade, the chemical classification of CLs, their physico-chemical properties as drugs, their biosynthesis and enzymatic modifications, possible ways of enhancing their biological activities through structural modifications, their ligand efficiency metrics and systematic graphical radar plot analysis to assess their developability as drugs are among those discussed in detail.

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Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Moreover, attention is paid to metabolomic studies and investigation on secondary metabolite pathways. For the isolation and identification of limonoids from C. species by using conventional techniques, the reader may refer to other useful reports [4,116,117,150].…”

Section: Isolation and Identification Of Limonoids From The Citrus Genusmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Chemistry and Pharmacology of Citrus Limonoids

et al. 2016

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“…Citrus reticulata, comon name is mandarin is an evergreen tree growing up to 4.5 m by 3 m. this plant possess antioxidant effect [16] [17] and antimicrobial [17]. It is a source of natural compounds such as citruscridone [18] citriolide-A [19] isolimonexic acid methyl ether, in addition to the previously isolated limonin, deacetylnomilin, obacunone and ichangin, the marginal antimalarial activity of isolimonexic acid methyl ether is reported [20]. It has phenolic [17] and flavonoids among its components [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Antifungal Study of Some Essential Oils of Three Medicinal Plants Against Fusarium Oxysporum f. sp. <i>ciceris</i>, and Aspergillus Niger

Teia¹

2018

IJBC

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The aim of this study is to investigate preliminary antifungal activity of three essential oils by disc diffusion method, the essential oils of three plants used in traditional Sudanese medicine namely Mentha spicata (Lamiaceae), Cymbopogon schoenanthus L. (Poaceae), and Citrus reticulata (Rutaceae), was evaluated for their ability to inhibit the growth of selected phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris (causing wilt in chick pea) and the standard fungi Aspergillus niger was used for comparison. Essential oils were extracted by hydrodistilation using Clevenger apparatus. The experiment was carried out using disc diffusion method in different concentrations of essential oil on PDA culture at 25°C. The result showed essential oil of studied plants in all concentrations had completely inhibited growth for tested fungi.

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“…The antifungal activity of acridones, including against C. albicans and dermatophytes, have already been reported by others. Phetkul et al () have described citruscridone from Citrus reticulata woods, which has inhibited the growth of Microsporum gypseum, with MIC and MFC values of 200 µg ml −1 . Rahman and Gray () reported the isolation of an acridone alkaloid from Feronia limonia stem barks with antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger and C. albicans (MIC of 100 µg ml −1 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new acridone with antifungal properties againstCandidaspp. and dermatophytes, and antibiofilm activity againstC. albicans

Oliveira

Silva

et al. 2019

J Appl Microbiol

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Aim:The increase in the number of fungal infections worldwide, coupled with the limitations of current antifungal chemotherapy, demand the development of safe and effective new antifungals. Here, we presented the synthesis of a novel acridone (M14) and its antifungal properties against Candida and dermatophytes species. Methods and Results: A series of 17 acridones was designed, synthesized and tested for its antifungal activity. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by the broth microdilution method. Only the acridone M14 showed growth-inhibitory activity against reference strains and clinical isolates of Candida and dermatophytes, with MIC range of 7Á81-31Á25 µg ml À1 . Moreover, M14 exhibited fungicidal activity and prevented biofilm formation by C. albicans as well as reduced the viability of preformed biofilms, even at sub-MICs. The confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis revealed that C. albicans hyphal growth was completely inhibited in the presence of M14. Similarly, there was a severe inhibition on hyphal growth of Trichophyton rubrum. We also found that M14 has relatively low toxicity to human fibroblasts. Conclusions: The new acridone M14 has antifungal properties against Candida spp. and dermatophytes, and antibiofilm activity against C. albicans. In addition, M14 is relatively selective to fungal cells compared to human normal cells. Significance and Impact of the Study: Because of its in vitro antifungal activity, anti-Candida biofilm effect and moderate cytotoxicity towards normal human cell, M14 may serve as a valuable lead compound to develop a new antifungal agent.

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New acridone from the wood of Citrus reticulata Blanco

Cited by 8 publications

References 13 publications

The Chemistry and Pharmacology of Citrus Limonoids

The Chemistry and Pharmacology of Citrus Limonoids

Preliminary Antifungal Study of Some Essential Oils of Three Medicinal Plants Against Fusarium Oxysporum f. sp. <i>ciceris</i>, and Aspergillus Niger

A new acridone with antifungal properties againstCandidaspp. and dermatophytes, and antibiofilm activity againstC. albicans

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New acridone from the wood of Citrus reticulata Blanco

Cited by 8 publications

References 13 publications

The Chemistry and Pharmacology of Citrus Limonoids

The Chemistry and Pharmacology of Citrus Limonoids

Preliminary Antifungal Study of Some Essential Oils of Three Medicinal Plants Against Fusarium Oxysporum f. sp. &lt;i&gt;ciceris&lt;/i&gt;, and Aspergillus Niger

A new acridone with antifungal properties againstCandidaspp. and dermatophytes, and antibiofilm activity againstC. albicans

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Preliminary Antifungal Study of Some Essential Oils of Three Medicinal Plants Against Fusarium Oxysporum f. sp. <i>ciceris</i>, and Aspergillus Niger