“…Usually, during furnace operation, the experienced operators determine the operation of the EAF, the stages of the melting process, and the quality of the foamy slag from the sound generated by the EAF. Although, in practice, measurements of voltage and current signals are mostly used for monitoring, control, and modeling of the EAF [10], previous studies [8,9,11,12] have shown that the acoustic emission (AE) signal can be used to characterize the operation of the EAF.…”