“…21 Although the load-bearing capacity of laminated beams can be ensured by chiseling, grooving, and daubing binders, there is still a certain gap in that of the entire cast concrete beam, and the planting steel bar method is more effective. 22 In this study, the laminated surface was assumed to be well bonded, and less attention was paid to the harm caused by the bonding defects. However, internal concrete defects inevitably adversely affect the mechanical performance of concrete members, particularly when the defects are located on a weak surface, which directly affects the effective bonding of the contact surface and thus the mechanical performance of the member.…”