New Animal Models of Hepatitis B and C

Feitelson, Mark A.; Larkin, J.

doi:10.1093/ilar.42.2.127

Cited by 44 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…Genotype D is frequently linked by pre core mutations that lead to increase the chances of causing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma [26]. Mutations resulted in CCAAT motif present over the pre-SI gene caused retention of protein S that becomes the more aggressive type of HBV liver related diseases [28]. Due to the lack of unbiased approach, the mutational extent and functional impact of HBV in HCC progression is not studied.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HBV Genotyping and Phylogenetic Analysis through Multiplex PCR Using Type Specific Primer Pairs in Pakistani Population

Iqbal¹,

Raza²

2016

J Bacteriol Parasitol

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Background: Hepatitis B virus causing acute and chronic hepatocellular carcinoma relics a serious health issue affecting more than 350 million people worldwide. Geographically, nine genotypes of HBV have been identified so far. Four open reading frames named (ORF P, S, F and X) renders it to specifically targets hepatocyte cells. Additionally, reverse transcription process present in the life cycle of HBV caused four order higher mutation rates as compared to adenovirus. The structural and functional differences between HBV genotypes are the mainstay to severity, complications, treatment and possibly vaccination against the virus. Hepatitis B genotyping is important for assessing its clinical implications and geographical distribution, but the sub-genotypes have been found useful for determination of specific genomic markers related to hepatocarcinogenesis and medical therapies. In Pakistan, there is no reported data available on molecular evolutionary analysis of HBV. A study was, therefore, much needed to evaluate the spectra of dominant strains prevalent here.Objectives: This study was aimed to figure out the prevalence of HBV genotypes among population in Pakistan. In this research, we focused to find out the new strains and sub genotypes of HBV. Pakistan is one of the HBV endemic countries but there is no data on subgenotypes and their recombination or the phylogenetic relatedness of the virus endemic in the country. The present study was carried out in this perspective. This study will help future researcher to study some other aspects of HBV related strains in Pakistan and also about its medical therapies. , for further analysis. All the samples were genotyped by type specific nested PCR primer pair method for 8 HBV genotypes from A through H. The patients were randomly selected irrespective of their age and gender and a written consent (parental consent in case of less than 18 years of age) was obtained. The study was approved by ethical review committee. In our research, we have used the type specific primer technique to find out the dominant strain in Pakistani populations and furthermore its phylogenetic analysis with reference sequences retrieved from NCBI databases. Results:Our results showed a direct relationship between viral load and identified genotypes and pinpointed that genotype D is the most pre-dominant genotype and prevailing in high proportions among all genotypes in Pakistani population. Mix HBV genotype infections of genotype A with B & C, D with B and C constitute about 17 percent of all the samples. Subgenotypes of different HBV strains have been identified on the basis of differences in the complete nucleotide sequences. Positive PCR results were repeated twice for confirmation. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis revealed a homology between our reported sequences and reference sequences. The phylogenetic method showed that genotypes/sub-genotypes varies in the geographical areas and correlate strongly with ethnicity. Conclusion:Genotype D was identified and come out to be the...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HBV Genotyping and Phylogenetic Analysis through Multiplex PCR Using Type Specific Primer Pairs in Pakistani Population

Iqbal¹,

Raza²

2016

J Bacteriol Parasitol

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“…The chimpanzee is an ideal animal model that is susceptible to HCV infection but difficult to employ for laboratory experiments. As a result, different types of HCV transgenic mice have been established to study immunopathogenetic mechanisms of HCV infection [101][102][103][104]. In addition, Mercer et al [105] induced HCV replication in mice undergoing human hepatocyte transplantation indicating that a mouse model for HCV infection is feasible.…”

Section: Dna-based Vaccine Strategies Against Hcv In Animal Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA‐based immunotherapy: potential for treatment of chronic viral hepatitis?

Beckebaum

Cicinnati

Gerken

2002

Reviews in Medical Virology

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Persistent HBV and HCV infection represent major causes of chronic liver disease with a high risk of progression to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Conventional protein-based vaccines are highly efficacious in preventing HBV infection; whereas in therapeutic settings with chronically infected patients, results have been disappointing. Prophylactic vaccination against HCV infection has not yet been achieved due to many impediments including frequent spontaneous mutations of the virus with escape from immune system control. Using animal models it has been demonstrated that DNA-based immunisation strategies may overcome this problem because of their potential to induce immunity against multiple viral epitopes. DNA-based vaccines mimic the effect of live attenuated viral vaccines, eliciting cell mediated immunity in addition to inducing humoral responses. Efficacy may further be improved by addition of DNA encoding immunomodulatory cytokines and more recently, direct genetic modulation of antigen-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells (DC), has been shown to increase antigen-specific immune responses. This review focuses on immunological aspects of chronic HBV and HCV infection and on the potential of DNA- and DC-based vaccines for the treatment of chronic viral hepatitis.

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“…Several models have been introduced for understand the HBV dynamics [2−5] . However, the complex characteristics of human HBV make theoretical researchers difficult to determine the specific kinetic parameters of HBV infection, immune responses, and development of liver disease [6] . Nowak and May [2] , and Zeuzem, et al [5] proposed a mathematical model named BVIM to describe the hepatitis virus infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global stability of endemic equilibrium point of basic virus infection model with application to HBV infection

Zheng

Lee

et al. 2010

J Syst Sci Complex

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In this paper, the authors first show that if R0 ≤ 1, the infection free steady state is globally attractive by using approaches different from those given by Min, et al.(2008). Then the authors prove that if R0 > 1, the endemic steady state is also globally attractive. Finally, based on a patient's clinical HBV DNA data of anti-HBV infection with drug lamivudine, the authors establish an ABVIM. The numerical simulations of the ABVIM are good in agreement with the clinical data.

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New Animal Models of Hepatitis B and C

Cited by 44 publications

References 104 publications

HBV Genotyping and Phylogenetic Analysis through Multiplex PCR Using Type Specific Primer Pairs in Pakistani Population

HBV Genotyping and Phylogenetic Analysis through Multiplex PCR Using Type Specific Primer Pairs in Pakistani Population

DNA‐based immunotherapy: potential for treatment of chronic viral hepatitis?

Global stability of endemic equilibrium point of basic virus infection model with application to HBV infection

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