New anode systems for lithium ion cells

Crosnier, Olivier; Brousse, Thierry; Devaux, Xavier; Fragnaud, P.; Schleich, D. M.

doi:10.1016/s0378-7753(00)00599-1

Cited by 99 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…However, the Sn anode undergoes rapid capacity fading upon cycling due to large volume changes. Although the introduction of a Li-inert element to form Sn alloys [1][2][3][4][5][6] can alleviate the volume change to some extent, it will decrease the overall capacity or even make the alloy electrochemically inert [7]. An alternative strategy is to form Sn alloys with another Li-active element.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Li-storage properties of SnSb/graphene hybrid nanostructure by a facile one-step solvothermal route

Xie

Song

Zheng

et al. 2011

International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials

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) and the negatively charged graphene oxide plays an important role in the uniform distribution of the SnSb particles on the graphene sheets. The electrochemical Li-storage properties of the nanocomposite were investigated as a potential high-capacity anode material for Li-ion batteries. The results show that the nanocomposite exhibits an obvious enhanced Li-storage performance compared with bare SnSb. The improvement of the electrochemical performance could be attributed to the formation of two-dimensional conductive networks, homogeneous dispersion and confinement of SnSb nanoparticles and the enhanced wetting of active material with the electrolyte for increased specific surface area by the introduction of graphene into SnSb nanoparticles. Li-ion chemical diffusion coefficient and ac impedance were measured to understand the underlying mechanism for the improved electrochemical performance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Li-storage properties of SnSb/graphene hybrid nanostructure by a facile one-step solvothermal route

Xie

Song

Zheng

et al. 2011

International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials

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“…[177][178][179][180] It can electrochemically alloy with Li + to form Li 3 Bi with a gravimetric capacity of 385 mA h g −1 (comparable with commercial graphite) and volumetric capacity of 3765 mA h cm −3 , which is more than twice of graphite. Bismuth exhibits the minimum potential hysteresis among all the potential metallic anode materials, enabling the possibility to achieve high energy conversion efficiency.…”

Section: Bismuth Based Anode Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐Cost Metallic Anode Materials for High Performance Rechargeable Batteries

Wang

Zhang

Lee

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

196

107

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density. Therefore, developing highcapacity anode and cathode materials or new battery systems have drawn extensive attentions. [6,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] Metal anodes, especially those with high-capacity and low-cost are promising alternative anode materials for LIBs in replace of graphite anode. [29][30][31][32][33][34] Generally, the metal anodes electrochemically alloy/ de-alloy with Li + to complete the battery reaction, which can store more energy than the intercalation/deintercalation mechanism in graphite. Table 1 displays the electrochemical properties of typical metallic anodes (Al, Sn, Zn, Mg, Sb, and Bi) with Li and graphite for comparison. While the graphite anodes suffer from low capacity (372 mA h g −1 ) and Li anodes suffer from severe safety issues caused by lithium dendrites, these metal anodes have many advantages in terms of high theoretical capacities, moderate operation potential for less dendrites formation, high abundance and low cost. [35] For example, aluminum has high theoretical capacity (993 mA h g −1 or 1411 mA h cm −3 for LiAl) with moderate potential plateau (≈0.38 V vs Li + /Li). [35,36] Considering both of the capacity increase and voltage drop by using metal anodes in a LIB model, Obrovac et al. calculated the volumetric energy increase in comparison to graphite based commercial battery (Table 1). [37] In such a model, the volumetric energy densities could be increased by different extents ranging from 10-42% when metal anodes were used. It is worth noticing that some recent studies have raised the idea of directly using metal foil as active anode material and simultaneously current collector. [38,39] This strategy can eliminate the usage of binder and conductive carbon black for anode preparation, simplify the battery processing steps, and also increase the loading amount of active materials, thus further enhancing the energy density and reducing the battery prices.While the metal anodes show good potential for application in high-performance LIBs, the main challenge for these metallic anodes is their large volume change caused by lithiation/delithiation process during cycling. [37,40,41] As the lithiation proceeds more deeply, the volume change becomes more severely for alloying anodes. For instance, the volume change of Sn (260%, Li 4.4 Sn) is larger than Al (97%, LiAl). The huge volume change could cause crack and pulverization of metal anodes, resulting in quick capacity decay and short cycling life. [42][43][44][45][46] Besides, metallic anode materials usually exhibited high first-cycle capacity loss due to their high reactivity withThe ever-growing market of portable electronic devices and electric vehicles has significantly stimulated research interests on new-generation rechargeable battery systems with high energy density, satisfying safety and low cost. With unique potentials to achieve high energy density and low cost, rechargeable batteries based on metal anodes are capable of storing more energy via an alloying/de-alloying process, in comparison to tradi...

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“…Osaka et al [35] [36]. Crosnier et al [37] also prepared Sn-Ni thin-film anodes by electrodeposition at different current densities. In a thin film deposited at a high current density (20 A cm 2 ), the active materials had a multi-phase composition with a small particle size (less than 1 m) and high porosity, giving rise to a high reversible capacity and favorable cycle performance.…”

Section: Sn-ni Thin-film Anodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress on Sn-based thin-film anode materials for lithium-ion batteries

Liu

Zeng

et al. 2012

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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Thin-film lithium-ion batteries are the most competitive power sources for various kinds of micro-electro-mechanical systems and have been extensively researched. The present paper reviews the recent progress on Sn-based thin-film anode materials, with particular emphasis on the preparation and performances of pure Sn, Sn-based alloy, and Sn-based oxide thin films. From this survey, several conclusions can be drawn concerning the properties of Sn-based thin-film anodes. Pure Sn thin films deliver high reversible capacity but very poor cyclability due to the huge volume changes that accompany lithium insertion/extraction. The cycle performance of Sn-based intermetallic thin films can be enhanced at the expense of their capacities by alloying with inactive transition metals. In contrast to anodes in which Sn is alloyed with inactive transition metals, Sn-based nanocomposite films deliver high capacity with enhanced cycle performance through the incorporation of active elements. In comparison with pure Sn anodes, Sn-based oxide thin films show greatly enhanced cyclability due to the in situ formation of Sn nanodispersoids in an Li 2 O matrix, although there is quite a large initial irreversible capacity loss. For all of these anodes, substantial improvements have been achieved by micro-nanostructure tuning of the active materials. Based on the progress that has already been made on the relationship between the properties and microstructures of Sn-based thin-film anodes, it is believed that manipulating the multi-phase and multi-scale structures offers an important means of further improving the capacity and cyclability of Sn-based alloy thin-film anodes. Lithium-ion batteries are widely used nowadays as important power sources for portable electronic devices and electric or hybrid vehicle (EV/HEV) applications due to their high energy density, high voltage, and long lifespan. At present, large-scale and miniaturization are the two most important development directions for high-performance lithium-ion batteries. With respect to miniaturization, the major task is developing thin-film/micro-batteries that might be applied in micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), smart cards, implantable medical devices, and so on. As for conventional batteries, high specific capacity of electrode materials is an essential requirement for thin-film batteries [1]. Moreover, ultra-thin form, good flexibility, and high energy density are the most important properties of thinfilm Li-ion batteries, which depend on the cathodes, anodes, electrolyte, and current collectors that comprise the thinfilm structure [2]. In early work, lithium metal films were widely studied as anodes for thin-film Li-ion batteries. However, lithium metal is very flammable and air-and water-sensitive. Moreover, minute lithium dendrites could form on the anodes when such lithium batteries were rapidly charged, and these in turn could induce short circuits, causing the battery to rapidly overheat and catch fire. This hazard limited the application of lithium-film a...

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New anode systems for lithium ion cells

Cited by 99 publications

References 13 publications

Preparation and Li-storage properties of SnSb/graphene hybrid nanostructure by a facile one-step solvothermal route

Preparation and Li-storage properties of SnSb/graphene hybrid nanostructure by a facile one-step solvothermal route

Low‐Cost Metallic Anode Materials for High Performance Rechargeable Batteries

Progress on Sn-based thin-film anode materials for lithium-ion batteries

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