New anti-tumor strategy based on acid-triggered self-destructive and near-infrared laser light responses of nano-biocatalysts integrating starvation–chemo–photothermal therapies

Abstract

Background Inherent limitations of single cancer therapy are overcome by multi-therapy modality, which integrates characteristics of each therapeutic modality and material chemistry. The multi-modal method has the potential for becoming one of the next generation options for cancer treatments. Photothermal therapy (PTT) is an efficient, non-invasive treatment method that can be used on various cancer types. We propose an acid-triggered self-destructing nano-biocatalyst integrated starvation/chemical/photothermal triple therapy that is based on design principles and biomedical applications of GOx cancer treatment methods. Methods Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potentials were used to analyze the physical as well as chemical properties of MoS2@DOX/GOx@MnO2 (M@D/G@M). Further, Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to assess the compositions of the nanocatalysts. The biological effects of M@D/G@M on cells were studied in vitro by inverted fluorescence microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), flow cytometry, CCK-8 test, and hemolysis test. Treatment effects of the nanocatalysts were evaluated in MHCC-97H tumor BALB/c mice, whose body weights, tumor local temperature, tumor volumes, and tumor histological changes were evaluated. Results There was a high DOX encapsulation efficiency of M@D/G@M (90.233%). The photothermal conversion efficiency (η) of M@D/G@M is 25.2%, and its oxygen production within 5 min reached 27.5 mg L−1. Cell internalization analysis showed that within 4 h, M@D/G@M was almost completely absorbed by HepG2 cells. Further, the highest red fluorescence and apoptosis effects of dead cells (59.07% apoptosis) as well as the lowest tumor volume index of mice (0.2862%) were observed in the M@D/G@M + pH6.0 + NIR treatment group. Conclusions Our findings inform the development and applications of multi-modal methods in tumor therapy.

Harnessing bioactive nanomaterials in modulating tumor glycolysis-associated metabolism

“…Similar regulating effects of GSH-dependent glucose depletion and ROS-induced cytotoxicity on tumor cells can be obtained by other metal-based inorganic nanoparticles in combination with GOx [ 111 – 114 ]. For example, Cu 2+ ions released from a copper-embedded hollow mesoporous silica (HMSN-Cu) nanoparticles [ 112 ] and Mn 4+ ions produced from Fe 3 O 4 @MnO 2 nanoparticles [ 113 ] (Fig.…”

Vinorelbine-loaded multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles as anticancer drug delivery systems: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro release study

“…Following four cycles of NIR laser irradiation, the photothermal stability of the NPs was maintained, with only a negligible decrease observed. These results demonstrate that local hyperthermia induced by NIR laser irradiation can be precisely controlled in an on/off mode, showcasing sensitivity to temperature-induced drug release [ 41 ].…”

“…The temperature changes of the NP solutions were recorded using an infrared thermal imaging camera. Additionally, the photothermal stability of both PDA/Fe 3 O 4 NPs and VNB/PDA/Fe 3 O 4 NPs (at a concentration of 0.1 mg/mL and in a total volume of 1 mL) was assessed through a 5 min interaction with an 808 nm (1 W/cm 2 ) NIR laser followed by a cooling process, for four cycles [ 41 ].…”