The dysregulation of long‐chain noncoding ribonucleic acid (lncRNA) is a common phenomenon in many human cancers. Some studies on the biological function of long intergenic non‐protein‐coding RNA 52 (LINC00052) in cancer indicate that this gene can act as either oncogene or tumor suppressor in some kinds of cancers, such as breast cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, and lung cancer. However, the biological function of LINC00052 in colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been studied. Quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) and Western blot (WB) techniques were applied to detect the expression levels of LINC00052, miR‐574‐5p, and calcium‐binding and coiled‐coil domain 1 (CALCOCO1) in CRC cells and tissues. We authenticated the biological function of LINC00052 and miR‐574‐5p in CRC, and find some target genes for LINC00052 and miR‐574‐5p via bioinformatics methods. Dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay was performed to identify the interaction between LINC00052 and miR‐574‐5p or CALCOCO1 and miR‐574‐5p. The results demonstrated that LINC00052 was downregulated in CRC tissues compared with their adjacent tissues. And LINC00052 could suppress CRC cells metastasis both in vivo and in vitro. Beyond that, miR‐574‐5p was upregulated in CRC tissues, and as an oncogene, it accelerated CRC cell migration and invasion. More importantly, the results of our research demonstrated that LINC00052 could regulate the expression of CALCOCO1 via sponging miR‐574‐5p in CRC. Overall, our study illuminated the lncRNA‐miRNA functional networks in CRC, and these results might provide a new research direction for the diagnosis and treatment of CRC.

Background Inherent limitations of single cancer therapy are overcome by multi-therapy modality, which integrates characteristics of each therapeutic modality and material chemistry. The multi-modal method has the potential for becoming one of the next generation options for cancer treatments. Photothermal therapy (PTT) is an efficient, non-invasive treatment method that can be used on various cancer types. We propose an acid-triggered self-destructing nano-biocatalyst integrated starvation/chemical/photothermal triple therapy that is based on design principles and biomedical applications of GOx cancer treatment methods. Methods Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potentials were used to analyze the physical as well as chemical properties of MoS2@DOX/GOx@MnO2 (M@D/G@M). Further, Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to assess the compositions of the nanocatalysts. The biological effects of M@D/G@M on cells were studied in vitro by inverted fluorescence microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), flow cytometry, CCK-8 test, and hemolysis test. Treatment effects of the nanocatalysts were evaluated in MHCC-97H tumor BALB/c mice, whose body weights, tumor local temperature, tumor volumes, and tumor histological changes were evaluated. Results There was a high DOX encapsulation efficiency of M@D/G@M (90.233%). The photothermal conversion efficiency (η) of M@D/G@M is 25.2%, and its oxygen production within 5 min reached 27.5 mg L−1. Cell internalization analysis showed that within 4 h, M@D/G@M was almost completely absorbed by HepG2 cells. Further, the highest red fluorescence and apoptosis effects of dead cells (59.07% apoptosis) as well as the lowest tumor volume index of mice (0.2862%) were observed in the M@D/G@M + pH6.0 + NIR treatment group. Conclusions Our findings inform the development and applications of multi-modal methods in tumor therapy.

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