New antimicrobial and collagen crosslinking formulated dentin adhesive with improved bond durability

Daood, Umer; Omar, Hanan; Qasim, Syed Saad Bin; Nogueira, Liebert Parreiras; Pichika, Malikarjuna Rao; Mak, Kit‐Kay; Steier, Liviu; Yiu, Cky; Lin, Seow Liang; Fawzy, A.

doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103927

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Knowing that stability of collagen has always been a challenge for adhesion, researchers have franticly focused to improve the mechanical stability of this scaffold by protecting them using different crosslinking agents [21,[29][30][31][32][33]37]. However, controlling pretreatment procedures is a bit difficult and this makes it harder to determine the crosslinking effect [63]; on the other hand, rinsing of etching agent might have an unfavorable effect on dentinal crosslinkers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since higher mechanical properties and lower biodegradation rates of collagen are desired, usage of collagen crosslinking agents in adhesive practices have gained interest [8,9,19,21]. They are successful in protecting collagen's mechanical and chemical properties by enhancing intra-and inter-molecular crosslinks while providing stable collagen scaffolds [29][30][31][32][33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reinforced Universal Adhesive by Ribose Crosslinker: A Novel Strategy in Adhesive Dentistry

et al. 2021

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Enzymatic biodegradation of demineralized collagen fibrils could lead to the reduction of resin–dentin bond strength. Therefore, methods that provide protection to collagen fibrils appear to be a pragmatic solution to improve bond strength. Thus, the study’s aim was to investigate the effect of ribose (RB) on demineralized resin–dentin specimens in a modified universal adhesive. Dentin specimens were obtained, standardized and then bonded in vitro with a commercial multi-mode adhesive modified with 0, 0.5%, 1%, and 2% RB, restored with resin composite, and tested for micro-tensile bond strength (µTBS) after storage for 24 h in artificial saliva. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to analyze resin–dentin interface. Contact angles were analyzed using a contact angle analyzer. Depth of penetration of adhesives and nanoleakage were assessed using micro-Raman spectroscopy and silver tracing. Molecular docking studies were carried out using Schrodinger small-molecule drug discovery suite 2019-4. Matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) and cathepsin-K activities in RB-treated specimens were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The significance level was set at α = 0.05 for all statistical analyses. Incorporation of RB at 1% or 2% is of significant potential (p < 0.05) as it can be associated with improved wettability on dentin surfaces (0.5% had the lowest contact angle) as well as appreciable hybrid layer quality, and higher resin penetration. Improvement of the adhesive bond strength was shown when adding RB at 1% concentration to universal adhesive (p < 0.05). Modified adhesive increased the resistance of collagen degradation by inhibiting MMP-2 and cathepsin-K. A higher RB concentration was associated with improved results (p < 0.01). D-ribose showed favorable negative binding to collagen. In conclusion, universal adhesive using 1% or 2% RB helped in maintaining dentin collagen scaffold and proved to be successful in improving wettability, protease inhibition, and stability of demineralized dentin substrates. A more favorable substrate is created which, in turn, leads to a more stable dentin-adhesive bond. This could lead to more advantageous outcomes in a clinical scenario where a stable bond may result in longevity of the dental restoration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reinforced Universal Adhesive by Ribose Crosslinker: A Novel Strategy in Adhesive Dentistry

et al. 2021

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“…When mixed with water, the solution precipitates into HAp as the final product [ 51 ]. The decision to add riboflavin to the dentin protocol was based on the positive findings previously reported in terms of dentin collagen reinforcement due to crosslinking [ 23 , 52 ]. Ahn and colleagues [ 53 ] also reported an increase of bond strength when applied on carious-affected dentin prior to an adhesive.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ToF-SIMS Analysis of Demineralized Dentin Biomodified with Calcium Phosphate and Collagen Crosslinking: Effect on Marginal Adaptation of Class V Adhesive Restorations

et al. 2021

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This study aimed to assess the effect of biomodification before adhesive procedures on the tooth-restoration interface of class V restorations located in caries-simulated vs. sound dentin, and the quality of dentin surface by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). Class V cavities located on cervical dentin were prepared on the buccal surfaces of extracted human molars under the simulation of intratubular fluid flow. Two dentin types, i.e., sound and demineralized by formic-acid, were biomodified with 1% riboflavin and calcium phosphate (CaP) prior to the application of a universal adhesive (Clearfil Universal Bond) in etch and rinse or self-etch mode, and a conventional micro hybrid composite (Clearfil APX). Restorations were subjected to thermo mechanical fatigue test and percentages of continuous margins (% CM) before/after fatigue were compared. Bio modification of dentin surfaces at the molecular level was analyzed by Time-of-Flight Secondary Mass Spectometry (ToF-SIMS). % CM were still significantly higher in tooth-restoration interfaces on sound dentin. Meanwhile, biomodification with riboflavin and CaP had no detrimental effect on adhesion and in carious dentin, it improved the % CM both before and after loading. Etching carious dentin with phosphoric acid provided with the lowest results, leading even to restoration loss. The presence of molecule fragments of riboflavin and CaP were detected by ToF-SIMS, evidencing dentin biomodification. The adhesive interface involving carious dentin could be improved by the use of a collagen crosslinker and CaP prior to adhesive procedures.

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“…However, aqueous solutions of CHX salts are most stable in a pH range: 5-8; in the alkaline region (pH > 8), the CHX base is precipitated, while, in the acidic region, the preparation gradually loses its antibacterial activity because of destabilization [40]. Following this concept, the weakening of bonds at the adhesive-dentin interface has been widely studied both in vivo [41,42] and in vitro [43][44][45]. Although the phenomenon remains unclear, it is suggested that microleakage and collagen degradation are primary factors that are responsible for weakening resin-dentin bonds [46].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

pH dependent delivery of chlorhexidine from PLGA grafted mesoporous silica nanoparticles at resin-dentin interface

Akram

Aati

Ngo

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: A low pH environment is created due to the production of acids by oral biofilms that further leads to the dissolution of hydroxyapatite crystal in the tooth structure significantly altering the equilibrium. Although the overall bacterial counts may not be eradicated from the oral cavity, however, synthesis of engineered anti-bacterial materials are warranted to reduce the pathogenic impact of the oral biofilms. The purpose of this study was to synthesize and characterize chlorhexidine (CHX)-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) grafted with poly-L-glycolic acid (PGA) and to test the in vitro drug release in various pH environments, cytotoxicity, and antimicrobial capacity. In addition, this study aimed to investigate the delivery of CHX-loaded/MSN-PGA nanoparticles through demineralized dentin tubules and how these nanoparticles interact with tooth dentin after mixing with commercial dentin adhesive for potential clinical application.Results: Characterization using SEM/TEM and EDX confirmed the synthesis of CHX-loaded/MSN-PGA. An increase in the percentage of drug encapsulation efficiency from 81% to 85% in CHX loaded/MSN and 92% to 95% in CHX loaded/MSN-PGA proportionately increased with increasing the amount of CHX during the fabrication of nanoparticles. For both time-periods (24 h or 30 Days), the relative microbial viability significantly decreased by increasing the CHX content (P<0.001). Generally, the cell viability percentage of DPSCs exposed to MSN-PGA/Blank, CHX-loaded/MSN, and CHX-loaded/MSN-PGA, respectively was >80% indicating low cytotoxicity profiles of experimental nanoparticles. After 9 months in artificial saliva (pH 7.4), the significantly highest micro-tensile bond strength value was recorded for 25:50 CHX/MSN and 25:50:50 CHX/MSN-PGA. A homogenous and widely distributed 50:50:50 CHX-loaded/MSN-PGA nanoparticles exhibited excellent bonding with the application of commercially available dentin adhesive.Conclusions: A pH-sensitive CHX release response was noted when loaded in MSN grafted PGA nanoparticles. The formulated drug-loaded nanocarrier demonstrated excellent physicochemical, spectral, and biological characteristics. Showing considerable capacity to penetrate effectively inside dentinal tubules and having high antibacterial efficacy, this system could be potentially used in adhesive and restorative dentistry.

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New antimicrobial and collagen crosslinking formulated dentin adhesive with improved bond durability

Cited by 16 publications

References 56 publications

Reinforced Universal Adhesive by Ribose Crosslinker: A Novel Strategy in Adhesive Dentistry

Reinforced Universal Adhesive by Ribose Crosslinker: A Novel Strategy in Adhesive Dentistry

ToF-SIMS Analysis of Demineralized Dentin Biomodified with Calcium Phosphate and Collagen Crosslinking: Effect on Marginal Adaptation of Class V Adhesive Restorations

pH dependent delivery of chlorhexidine from PLGA grafted mesoporous silica nanoparticles at resin-dentin interface

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