New application of tin–bismuth alloy for electrochemical determination of cadmium

Trace determination of cadmium in water using anodic stripping voltammetry at a carbon paste electrode modified with coconut shell powder

“…Cadmium is classified as one of the priority pollutants which entered water streams through various industrial operations (Pan et al 2012). It is ranked seventh by the Environmental Protection Agency in 'Top hazardous substances priority list'.…”

Rapid Determination of Uranium in Water Samples by Adsorptive Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry Using a Tin-Bismuth Alloy Electrode

“…The effect of pH on the accessible potential window of SnBiE has been studied in earlier work [36]. In this paper, a comparison about the applicable cathodic potential windows was conducted ( Fig.…”

“…However, for bismuth film electrode, the added Bi ions can easy hydrolyze and form insoluble compounds during preparation [33,34], which limits its practical applications. Taking into account both of the advantages and disadvantages of mercury and bismuth electrodes, a tin-bismuth alloy electrode (SnBiE) has been recommended as an alternative mercury electrode in our recent work [35,36]. This new Sn-Bi electrode based on the tinbismuth alloy are environmental friendly and convenient to be fabricated and utilized as well as high hydrogen overvoltage, which can extend the applications of electrochemical techniques to metal ions determination at sufficiently negative potentials.…”

Characteristics, Applications and Determination of Bismuth

“…54 Bi-Sn alloy based electrode was used for the stripping voltammetric determination of Cd(II) for the first time and provided a high hydrogen overvoltage and relatively wide potential window as well as excellent repeatability and reproducibility. 55 Bi-Hg/SWTNs composite was originally applied as a sensitive platform for the simultaneous determination of Zn(II), Pb(II) and Cd(II) in two concentration ranges using stripping voltammetric technique. 56 Besides the use in detection of metals, bismuth modified electrodes can be used for other substance determinations as well.…”