New Approach in Research of Quartzes and Quartzites for Ferroalloys and Silicon Production

Abstract

This article deals with material research of selected types of quartz and quartzites in order to determine the priority of their use in the production of ferrosilicon and pure silicon, respectively. The highest quality quartzes and quartzites are commonly used in metallurgy, but not all types of these silicon raw materials are suitable for the production of ferrosilicon and pure silicon, despite their similar chemical composition. Behavior differences can be observed in the process conditions of heating and carbothermic production of ferrosilicon and silicon. These differences depend, in particular, on the nature and content of impurities, and the granularity (lumpiness) and microstructure of individual grains. The research focused primarily on determining the physicochemical and metallurgical properties of silicon raw materials. An integral part of the research was also the creation of a new methodology for determining the reducibility of quartzes (or quartzites), which could be used for real industrial processes and should be very reliable. The results of the laboratory experiments and evaluation of the physicochemical and metallurgical properties of the individual quartzes (or quartzites) are presented in the discussion. Based on comparison of the tested samples’ properties, their priority of use was determined. This research revealed the highest quality in quartzite from Sweden (Dalbo deposit) and Ukraine (Ovruč deposit) and quartz from Slovakia (Švedlár deposit). The use of these raw materials in industrial conditions is expected to result in the achievement of better production parameters, such as higher yield and product quality and lower electricity consumption.

Modeling of Non-Ferrous Metallurgy Waste Disposal with the Production of Iron Silicides and Zinc Distillation

“…Simultaneously with this simulation, the conversion of iron (10.6–99.996%) and silicon (10.7–69.44%) into an alloy with the possibility of forming iron silicide compounds with a predicted Si content within 18–28% (which, according to GOST 1415-93 (ISO 5445-80), can be identified as ferrosilicon grades FS18, FS20 and FS25) under optimum conditions (1900–2000 K) of the studied temperature regime. The obtained results of the study of the disposal of clinker waste in order to reduce the anthropogenic impact on the biosphere of the region with the possibility of obtaining ferroalloy and zinc sublimates are new and can complement the ongoing research in this direction [ 8 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 39 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 ].…”

“…Industrial waste located in dumps and containing in its chemical composition heavy non-ferrous metals and various compounds of silicon, calcium, aluminum and iron has a negative impact on the environment from the point of view of ecology, in particular on public health, flora and fauna [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. However, based on its chemical composition, it is valuable and can serve as a secondary technogenic raw material for various kinds of industries, for example in the metallurgical, construction, chemical and other industries [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 …”

“…However, based on its chemical composition, it is valuable and can serve as a secondary technogenic raw material for various kinds of industries, for example in the metallurgical, construction, chemical and other industries [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 ]. Thus, in Kazakhstan, in the process of extracting non-ferrous metals at a number of plants, since the 1920s and up to the present, in a number of areas, in particular, in the east Kazakhstan and Turkestan regions, there is a significant amount of clinker waste from the cultivation of various raw materials, which is now stored in dumps, occupying fertile lands and polluting the soil, surface and groundwater, the atmosphere, penetrating animal and human organisms through the migration of heavy metals along the food chain [ 9 ,…”

Monitoring of the Behaviour and State of Nanoscale Particles in a Gas Cleaning System of an Ore-Thermal Furnace

“…This is an item of consumption due to the changes in the silicon balance that range from 380 to 450 kg per ton of produced silicon and requires operational control. In this instance, sampling and relevant data on the chemical composition of the microsilica captured in the GCS are needed for analytical comparison with the source quartz and impurities to ultimately determine the quality of silicon products [15][16][17].…”

Electrothermal production of ferroalloy from tripoli

“…Therefore, silica in tripoli is mainly in an amorphous state, a characteristic feature of which is an increased reactivity in comparison with the crystal form [4]. Using this property of amorphous silica, in contrast to the known methods of its application [ [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]], it was proposed to use tripol as a silicon-containing raw material to produce a siliceous ferroalloy [11] for the smelting of which quartzite is used [ [12], [13], [14], [15]]. The article presents the results of studies to determine the optimal parameters for the electrothermal production of silicon ferroalloy from tripoli.…”