New approach of fabrication and dispensing of micromachined cesium vapor cell

Nieradko, Ł.; Gorecki, Christophe; Douahi, A.; Giordano, V.; Beugnot, Jean‐Charles; Dziuban, Jan; Moraja, Marco

doi:10.1117/1.2964288

Cited by 31 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Alkali chromates (or molybdates) can be reacted with zirconium, titanium, aluminum, or silicon at a much higher temperature (above 350 C) to produce elemental alkali metal [97][98][99][100] …”

Section: Micromachined Alkali Vapor Cells a Alkali Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chip-scale atomic devices

Kitching

2018

Applied Physics Reviews

456

175

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Section: Micromachined Alkali Vapor Cells a Alkali Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cells have been fabricated 100,130 by placing a small pill 131 of ðCs 2 MoO 4 Þ=Zr=Al (or ðCs 2 CrO 4 Þ=Zr=Al) inside the vapor cell preform before bonding, as shown in Fig. 13(a).…”

Section: Introduction Of Alkali Atomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chip-scale atomic devices

Kitching

2018

Applied Physics Reviews

456

175

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“…29 The cells have a two chamber design, with one chamber housing a Cs dispenser and a separate chamber of 2 mm diameter for atom interrogation. After cell sealing, atomic Cs is released from the dispenser by local heating with a laser beam, using the post-activation process reported by Nieradko et al 30 The cells also contain pure Ne buffer gas that shows a nonlinear temperature dependence of the Cs clock transition frequency, resulting in suppressed temperature sensitivity close to the inversion temperature of 81 C. 26,31 We measure the intrinsic frequency of the Cs-Ne vapor cells using an experimental atomic clock, 31,32 see Fig. 1(a).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging studies on micro-fabricated alkali buffer-gas cells for miniature atomic clocks

Abdullah

Affolderbach

Gruet

et al. 2015

Applied Physics Letters

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We report an aging study on micro-fabricated alkali vapor cells using neon as a buffer gas. An experimental atomic clock setup is used to measure the cell's intrinsic frequency, by recording the clock frequency shift at different light intensities and extrapolating to zero intensity. We find a drift of the cell's intrinsic frequency of (À5.2 6 0.6) Â 10 À11 /day and quantify deterministic variations in sources of clock frequency shifts due to the major physical effects to identify the most probable cause of the drift. The measured drift is one order of magnitude stronger than the total frequency variations expected from clock parameter variations and corresponds to a slow reduction of buffer gas pressure inside the cell, which is compatible with the hypothesis of loss of Ne gas from the cell due to its permeation through the cell windows. A negative drift on the intrinsic cell frequency is reproducible for another cell of the same type. Based on the Ne permeation model and the measured cell frequency drift, we determine the permeation constant of Ne through borosilicate glass as (5.7 6 0.7) Â 10 À22 m 2 s À1 Pa À1 at 81 C. We propose this method based on frequency metrology in an alkali vapor cell atomic clock setup based on coherent population trapping for measuring permeation constants of inert gases.

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“…Experimental setup and measurements: We have realised pressure shift measurements through optical detection of CPT resonances in Ne buffer-gas-filled Cs vapour cells, microfabricated according to the process flow described in [10]. The experimental setup is shown in Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quadratic dependence on temperature of Cs 0–0 hyperfine resonance frequency in single Ne buffer gas microfabricated vapour cell

et al. 2010

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Presented is the observation of a quadratic temperature dependence of the Cs 0 -0 ground state hyperfine resonance frequency in a single Neon (Ne) buffer gas vapour microcell. The inversion temperature, expected to be theoretically independent of the buffer gas pressure, is measured to be about 808C for two different samples. A proposal to develop chip scale atomic clocks with improved long-term frequency stability, simpler configuration (a single buffer gas instead of a buffer gas mixture) and then relaxed constraints on pressure accuracy during the cell filling procedure is presented.Introduction: In the last decade, the significant advances in micromachining technologies and semiconductor lasers combined with the coherent population trapping phenomenon [1] has allowed the development of chip scale atomic clocks (CSAC) [2,3]. These miniature time references, exhibiting typical frequency stability of the order of 10 210 at 1 s and 10 211 at 1000 s to 1 day for a volume of a few tens of cm 3 and a power consumption of 150 mW, are of great interest in various portable battery-operated applications, such as navigation receivers and telecommunication systems.The heart of these miniature frequency standards usually consists of a microfabricated alkali vapour cell, formed in a wafer of silicon with glasses bonded to both sides. The cell is filled with buffer gases in order to prevent wall relaxation, increase the atom -light interaction time, and reduce the Doppler broadening [4]. Nevertheless, slight interactions taking place between alkali atoms and buffer gases cause a frequency shift of the hyperfine transition of the atom. This shift Dn, of the order of several hundreds of Hz per Torr, is expected to be dependent on the nature of the gas, pressure and operating temperature T, and can be expressed as in [5]:

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New approach of fabrication and dispensing of micromachined cesium vapor cell

Cited by 31 publications

References 6 publications

Chip-scale atomic devices

Chip-scale atomic devices

Aging studies on micro-fabricated alkali buffer-gas cells for miniature atomic clocks

Quadratic dependence on temperature of Cs 0–0 hyperfine resonance frequency in single Ne buffer gas microfabricated vapour cell

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