New approaches in deacidification of edible oils––a review

Bhosle, B.M.; Subramanian, R.

doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2004.09.003

Cited by 196 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 44 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

133

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Besides, loss of oil also occurs in the form of occlusion in soapstock. The soapstock can hold as much as 50% of its weight of neutral oil, thereby reducing the overall yield of refined product [25]. Therefore, the optimized alkali excess quantity is 15%.…”

Section: Effect Of Excess Alkali On the Deacidificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Esterification and Deacidification of a Waste Cooking Oil (TAN 68.81 mg KOH/g) for Biodiesel Production

2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Oils with high content of free fatty acid (FFA) can be treated by acid esterification where an alcohol reacts with the given oil in the presence of acid catalyst. The investigated parameters include methanol to oil ratio, temperature and amount of catalyst. The optimum conditions for acid esterification which could reduce FFA content in the feedstock to less than 1.88% (acid value 3.76 mg KOH/g waste cooking oil) were 50 °C, 20% methanol to oil ratio (by volume) and 0.4 vol.% H 2 SO 4 after 5 h. However, oil with an acid value of more than 1 mg KOH/g oil cannot meet the alkaline catalyzed transesterification conditions. Under the conditions of NaOH concentration 0.5 N, excess alkali 15%, 60 °C, 40 min, the FFA removal rate for deacidification reached 77.11% (acid value 0.86 mg KOH/g esterified oil). The acid value of deacidification product was reduced below 0.86 mg KOH/g esterified oil, thus meeting the base-catalyzed trans-esterification conditions.

show abstract

Section: Effect Of Excess Alkali On the Deacidificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Esterification and Deacidification of a Waste Cooking Oil (TAN 68.81 mg KOH/g) for Biodiesel Production

2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This so called deacidification process is a critical stage since it affects the oil quality and the overall refining efficiency. The FFA are responsible for undesirable rancid flavor formation (hydrolytic rancidity) and they are more susceptible to oxidation than triglycerides, resulting in a rancid flavor (oxidative rancidity) and reduced nutritional quality [3]. The required quality of neutralized palm oil is a maximum FFA level of 0.25% [4].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

N on Dispersive Chemical Deacidification of Crude Palm Oil in Hollow Fiber Membrane Contactor

Purwasasmita

Nabu

Khoiruddin

et al. 2015

J. Eng. Technol. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Performance of chemical deacidification of crude palm oil (CPO) using aqueous NaOH solution in a polysulfone hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane was investigated. The effects of operating temperature, NaOH concentration and flow rates on percentage of free fatty acids (FFA) removal, oil loss, soap entrainment and overall mass transfer coefficient were evaluated. Overall mass transfer coefficients, soap content in oil and neutral oil loss all increased when the temperature was increased from 60 to 70°C due to an increase of the FFA distribution value. A minimum 0.25 N of NaOH or a NaOH to FFA molar ratio of about 7.62 was required to facilitate the expected extraction efficiency. The increased oil flowrate slightly enhanced the solute transport kinetics, while the aqueous phase flowrate did not significantly influence deacidification efficiency or mass transfer coefficient. About 97% of FFA removal was achieved within 4 hours. The maximum oil loss observed was 11% and the highest soap content in the oil without separation step was 3150 ppm. The values of the overall mass transfer coefficient varied from 2.97×10 -7 to 7.71×10 -7 m/s. These results show the potential of using the non dispersive membrane contacting process for chemical deacidification of CPO as well as other vegetable oils.

show abstract

“…This technique requires precision and an adequate fatty acid profile of the oil sample (Table 3), for both, an excess as an insufficiency in the amount of catalyst added results in the formation of soaps (Refaat 2010). Considering that there is a direct relation between the FFA percentage and the amount of catalyst that has to be added to the reaction to compensate the acidity and its deactivation (Freedman et al 1986), alkaline neutralization was considered for the three samples as pre-treatment method for its effectiveness in lowering the FFA content, along with substantial quantities of mucilaginous substances, phospholipids and color pigments (Bhosle and Subramanian 2005;Sudhir et al 2007). …”

Section: Free Fatty Acids and Neutralizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel production from three mixes of oils with high free fatty content: quality evaluation and variable analysis

Ortíz

Quintero

Arévalo

2016

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Due to the excessive use of fossil fuels around the world, more environmentally friendly alternatives have been studied. Technologies for the production of ethanol, biogas and biodiesel are focusing on the importance of improving costs and efficiency. Biodiesel can be used in automotive internal combustion, is biodegradable and has no presence of metals, however, it lacks competitiveness versus petrodiesel mainly by the high cost of the pure oils used for its production. The aim of this study was to obtain biodiesel from oil samples with high content of free fatty acids ([1 %) obtained from three fast food restaurants using their molecular weight and acidity index values in order to neutralize the free fatty acids in a one-step reaction and perform a screening for optimal conditions for transesterification. The experimental design consisted of two reaction times (60 and 90 min); four methanoloil molar ratios-6:1, 10:1, 15:1 and 20:1; and two catalysts (NaOH and KOH) at three concentrations 0.5, 1 and 1.5 % with a constant temperature of 60°C and 500 rpm. The optimum conditions for the different waste cooking oil feedstocks were established reaching a final yield up to 85.53 % of biodiesel, concluding that there is viability of production through the use of this raw material and free fatty acids neutralization technique, obtaining a biofuel that meets international quality standards.

show abstract

New approaches in deacidification of edible oils––a review

Cited by 196 publications

References 44 publications

Esterification and Deacidification of a Waste Cooking Oil (TAN 68.81 mg KOH/g) for Biodiesel Production

Esterification and Deacidification of a Waste Cooking Oil (TAN 68.81 mg KOH/g) for Biodiesel Production

N on Dispersive Chemical Deacidification of Crude Palm Oil in Hollow Fiber Membrane Contactor

Biodiesel production from three mixes of oils with high free fatty content: quality evaluation and variable analysis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About