New approaches to water purification for resource-constrained settings: Production of activated biochar by chemical activation with diammonium hydrogenphosphate

Nahata, Mohit; Seo, Chang Yup; Krishnakumar, Pradeep; Schwank, Johannes W.

doi:10.1007/s11705-017-1647-x

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The disruption of the cellulose molecules can take place with the loss of CO and CO 2 and the formation of a structure with higher carbon assay, hence the significant weight loss during the carbonization process. Phosphoric acid acts as an acid catalyst and promotes bond cleavage reactions by cyclization and condensation during the activation process [23,24]. By reacting with organic species, it helps to cross-link biopolymer fragments via phosphate and polyphosphate bridges [23,25].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phosphoric acid acts as an acid catalyst and promotes bond cleavage reactions by cyclization and condensation during the activation process [23,24]. By reacting with organic species, it helps to cross-link biopolymer fragments via phosphate and polyphosphate bridges [23,25]. For each catalyst, the highest severity gave the lowest yield of hemicellulose as high severity pretreatment temperature tended to result in degradation of hemicellulose [26].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another effect of H 3 PO 4 pretreatment in this study is the reduction in volatiles in the bioadsorbent. Volatiles and tars are undesirable when the desired product is char as they condense around the walls of the reactor and cause problems of clogging that necessitate frequent cleaning [23,35]. Following the thermal decomposition of the precursor, the chemical reacts with the product causing reduction in the evolution of volatile matter and inhibition of the particle shrinkage [36].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Complementarily, the contributions from alcoholic, C-O-C and C-O-P groups via H 3 PO 4 pretreatment increased the thermal stability in the CS and PKS bioadsorbent. Some researchers had observed that the phosphate-like structure bound to carbon is the most abundant and thermally stable P species in phosphoric acid activated carbons over a wide range of temperature [23,76]. TGA result displays the weight per cent values for the residues of the H 3 PO 4 pretreated bioadsorbent.…”

Section: Tgamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of bioadsorbent produced using incorporated treatment of chemical and carbonization procedures

et al. 2019

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The production of bioadsorbent from palm kernel shell (PKS) and coconut shell (CS) pretreated with 30% phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ) was optimized using the response surface methodology (RSM). Iodine adsorption for both bioadsorbents was optimized by central composite design. Two parameters including the H 3 PO 4 pretreatment temperature and carbonization temperature were determined as significant factors to improve the iodine adsorption of the bioadsorbent. Statistical analysis results divulge that both factors had significant effect on the iodine adsorption for the bioadsorbent. From the RSM analysis, it was suggested that using 80 and 79°C as H 3 PO 4 pretreatment temperature and 714 and 715°C as carbonization temperature would enhance the iodine adsorption of the CS and PKS bioadsobent, respectively. These results indicated that H 3 PO 4 is a good pretreatment for preparing PKS and CS prior to carbonization process to produce bioadsorbent with well-developed microporous and mesoporous volume. The effort to produce alternative high grade and inexpensive adsorbent derived from lignocellulosic biomass, particularly in the nut shell form was implied in this research.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tgamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of bioadsorbent produced using incorporated treatment of chemical and carbonization procedures

et al. 2019

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“…Another very common approach is carbonization of a carbon-containing precursor mixed or bonded with a phosphorus-containing compound. Many publications describe phosphoric acid activation of different precursors, including lignocellulosic materials and separate components of biomass (cellulose and lignin) [33][34][35][36][37]. Activation with phosphoric acid has been applied to introduce phosphorus into carbon using such compounds as glucose [38,39] and sucrose [40][41][42].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to Make a Cocktail of Palladium Catalysts with Cola and Alcohol: Heteroatom Doping vs. Nanoscale Morphology of Carbon Supports

et al. 2021

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Sparkling drinks such as cola can be considered an affordable and inexpensive starting material consisting of carbohydrates and sulfur- and nitrogen-containing organic substances in phosphoric acid, which makes them an excellent precursor for the production of heteroatom-doped carbon materials. In this study, heteroatom-doped carbon materials were successfully prepared in a quick and simple manner using direct carbonization of regular cola and diet cola. The low content of carbon in diet cola allowed reaching a higher level of phosphorus in the prepared carbon material, as well as obtaining additional doping with nitrogen and sulfur due to the presence of sweeteners and caffeine. Effects of carbon support doping with phosphorus, nitrogen and sulfur, as well as of changes in textural properties by ball milling, on the catalytic activity of palladium catalysts were investigated in the Suzuki–Miyaura and Mizoroki–Heck reactions. Contributions of the heteroatom doping and specific surface area of the carbon supports to the increased activity of supported catalysts were discussed. Additionally, the possibility of these reactions to proceed in 40% potable ethanol was studied. Moreover, transformation of various palladium particles (complexes and nanoparticles) in the reaction medium was detected by mass spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy, which evidenced the formation of a cocktail of catalysts in a commercial 40% ethanol/water solution.

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Carbonaceous Catalysts from Biomass

Hazlett

Arnold

Montes

et al. 2019

Production of Materials From Sustainable Biomass Resources

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New approaches to water purification for resource-constrained settings: Production of activated biochar by chemical activation with diammonium hydrogenphosphate

Cited by 13 publications

References 29 publications

Characterization of bioadsorbent produced using incorporated treatment of chemical and carbonization procedures

Characterization of bioadsorbent produced using incorporated treatment of chemical and carbonization procedures

How to Make a Cocktail of Palladium Catalysts with Cola and Alcohol: Heteroatom Doping vs. Nanoscale Morphology of Carbon Supports

Carbonaceous Catalysts from Biomass

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