New Broad Spectrum Anthelmintic, Methyl 5(6)-Butyl-2-benzimidazolecarbamate

Actor, Paul; Anderson, Elizabeth; DiCuollo, C. John; Ferlauto, R. J.; Hoover, John R. E.; Pagano, Joseph F.; Ravin, L. R.; Scheidy, S. F.; Stedman, R. J.; Theodorides, V. J.

doi:10.1038/215321a0

Cited by 44 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…This selective marker has been successfully used for a number of fungi [ 43 , 45 - 47 ]; however, it is not suitable for the selection of P. xanthii transformants, given the severe phytotoxicity on cotyledons. To overcome this limitation, we constructed a new vector that confers resistance to carbendazim, a fungicide belonging to the methyl benzimidazole carbamate (MBC) family [ 48 ] widely used in agriculture [ 49 , 50 ]. MBC resistance has been included as a selective marker in the genetic manipulation of other fungi, including powdery mildews.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient transformation of Podosphaera xanthii by electroporation of conidia

et al. 2015

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BackgroundPowdery mildew diseases are a major phytosanitary issue causing important yield and economic losses in agronomic, horticultural and ornamental crops. Powdery mildew fungi are obligate biotrophic parasites unable to grow on culture media, a fact that has significantly limited their genetic manipulation. In this work, we report a protocol based on the electroporation of fungal conidia, for the transient transformation of Podosphaera fusca (synonym Podosphaera xanthii), the main causal agent of cucurbit powdery mildew.ResultsTo introduce DNA into P. xanthii conidia, we applied two square-wave pulses of 1.7 kV for 1 ms with an interval of 5 s. We tested these conditions with several plasmids bearing as selective markers hygromycin B resistance (hph), carbendazim resistance (TUB2) or GFP (gfp) under control of endogenous regulatory elements from Aspergillus nidulans, Neurospora crassa or P. xanthii to drive their expression. An in planta selection procedure using the MBC fungicide carbendazim permitted the propagation of transformants onto zucchini cotyledons and avoided the phytotoxicity associated with hygromycin B.ConclusionThis is the first report on the transformation of P. xanthii and the transformation of powdery mildew fungi using electroporation. Although the transformants are transient, this represents a feasible method for the genetic manipulation of this important group of plant pathogens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient transformation of Podosphaera xanthii by electroporation of conidia

et al. 2015

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“…Thiophanates which were introduced in 1971 (Aelbers, 1971) are considered to belong to this class of fungicides, since under natural conditions they are converted to benzimidazole compounds (Selling et al, 1970). Parbendazole (Actor et al, 1967), mebendazole (Van den Bossche, 1972), oxibendazole (Theodorides * The following common names are used: thiabendazole, 2-(4'-thiazolyl)benzimidazole; benomyl, methyl l-(butylcarbamoyl)benzimidazol-2-yl carbamate; carbendazim, methyl benzimidazol-2-yl carbamate; fuberidazole, 2-(2'-furyl) benzimidazole; fenbendazole, methyl 5-(phenylthio)benzimidazol-2-yl carbamate; mebendazole, methyl 5-benzoylbenzimidazol-2-yl carbamate; oxibendazole, methyl 5-n-propoxybenzimidazol-2-yl carbamate; parbendazole, methyl 5-butyl benzimidazol-2-yl carbamate and oncodazole, 5-(2-thienylcarbonyl)benzimidazol-2-yl carbamate. et al, 1973) and fenbendazole (Baeder et al, 1974) have anthelmintic properties and are used in veterinary medicine.…”

Section: Survey Of the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Mode of action, selectivity and mutagenicity of benzimidazole compounds

Davidse

1977

Neth. J. Pl. Path.

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“…It has been used widely for control of gastrointestinal nematodes, lungworms and as a fungicidal agent. After its introduction, a number of alternative benzimidazoles offering similar activity came on the market, such as parbendazole (PAR) [2] cambendazole (CAM) [3] mebendazole (MBZ) [4] and oxibendazole (OXI) [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%