New Caledonia's enigmatic terrestrial diving beetle Typhlodessus monteithi is a derived species of Paroster

Abstract

The classification of highly adapted species in well‐studied clades may be obscured by convergent character evolution. This is for example the case in aquatic lineages adapted to subterranean (and shallow subterranean) habitats, in which species usually possess reduced eyes and wings as well as translucent cuticles. In 1985, the terrestrial diving beetle genus and species Typhlodessus monteithi Brancucci (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) was described from a shallow subterranean habitat in New Caledonia. Until now, the systematic classification of Typhlodessus remains unclear, as it could not be assigned to any of the known tribes of the subfamily Hydroporinae. Here, we reveal this species' phylogenetic position and evolutionary history. We obtained molecular data from an almost 30 years old museum specimen and performed phylogenetic analyses using complete mitochondrial genomes and nuclear markers, which resulted in the placement of Typhlodessus monteithi within the subtribe Sternopriscina, as a junior synonym of the genus Paroster. The genus Paroster contains epigean, stygobitic as well as two other terrestrial Australian species. Our finding extends the geographical distribution of Paroster to New Caledonia. Adaptation to terrestrial habitats in Paroster species may be a way to survive in hyper humid environments that however might lack suitable lentic habitats.

Phylogenetic placement and description of Ngaliadessus humphreysi gen. et sp. nov., Watts & Villastrigo (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae), a subterranean diving beetle from the Ngalia Basin in central Australia

“…The mitochondrial genome was annotated using the Mitos 2 Web Server (Donath et al 2019) and refined with already published reference mitochondrial genomes. We used the same methodology to retrieve molecular data from a representative species of the related genus Neobidessodes , N. mjobergi (Zimmermann, 1922) and we incorporated low‐coverage whole‐genome sequencing data from Allodessus bistrigatus (Clark, 1862) following the procedure by Villastrigo et al (2023). All newly generated data were uploaded into the GenBank nucleotide database (Table S1).…”