New chemiluminescent method of levofloxacin and ofloxacin determination based on terbium (III)‐sensitized fluoroquinolone–KBrO₃ reaction

Abstract

Fluoroquinolones can be oxidized with some agents, in this study selected fluoroquinolones (levofloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, pefloxacin and enrofloxacin) were oxidized with potassium bromate in the presence of terbium (III) ions. According to the kinetic and spectral analysis of chemiluminescence emitted by the above systems, the terbium (III) ions were the only emitter. The excitation of the lanthanide ion was a result of the process of energy transfer from the products of fluoroquinolones oxidation to Tb(III) ions. The highest intensity of chemiluminescence was obtained for levofloxacin and ofloxacin containing an alkoxy substituent at C‐8 in the quinoline ring. The chemiluminescence intensity was correlated linearly (r = 0.9994) with the concentration of ofloxacin (or levofloxacin) in the range 1 × 10−6 to 4 × 10−5 mol L−1; the detection limit was 3 × 10−7 mol L−1 for both fluoroquinolones. In the optimized conditions, the chemiluminescence of the levofloxacin (or ofloxacin)–Tb(III)–KBrO3–H2SO4 systems was used to determine these compounds in a mixture of fluoroquinolones and in pharmaceuticals.

Lamellar α-Zirconium Phosphate Nanoparticles Supported on N-Doped Graphene Nanosheets as Electrocatalysts for the Detection of Levofloxacin

“…Currently, various methods have been established for the detection of LEV, including methods based on fluorescence, , chemiluminescence, , capillary electrophoresis, , and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). – Although these methods are reliable and widely accepted, they also have considerable shortcomings, such as being costly and time-consuming, in addition to requiring tedious operations, skilled technicians, and the consumption of large amounts of toxic solvents. Alternatively, electrochemical methods – have demonstrated outstanding advantages, such as reduced costs, simple operations, short response times, and high sensitivities.…”

Magnetic Fe–N–C nanoparticles as a dual nanozyme for label-free colorimetric detection of antibiotics

“…However, the above techniques require long analysis time and expensive instruments, which make it difficult to achieve real-time analysis of large-scale samples. In addition, electrochemical, 5 fluorescent 6 and chemiluminescent (CL) 7 sensors have been developed for the detection of TCs due to their advantages of low detection limit and fast detection speed, but they still require complex electrode processing procedures or rely on toxic organic compounds as fluorescent sources. Colorimetry, by contrast, is one of the simplest detection methods that depends on the variation of color during the detection program.…”

Electrochemical Determination of Levofloxacin Using Poly(Pyrogallol Red) Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

“…[2,4,11] Due to its importance in pharmaceutical and pathological processes, development of a sensitive and selective method for LEV detection in medicine, food, environment samples is required. Up to now, the reported methods that are liquid chromatography, [12] spectrophotometry, [13] chemiluminescence, [14,15] fluorescence, [16] and capillary electrophoresis, [17] have been applied for determination of LEV. However, complex pre-treatment steps, complicated and expensive instrumentations are the main drawbacks of these methods.…”