New correlations for seawater and pure water thermal conductivity at different temperatures and salinities

Sharqawy, Mostafa H.

doi:10.1016/j.desal.2012.12.010

Cited by 58 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…His correlation was independent of the temperature and was verified by both experimental measurements [34] and the theoretical model developed by Wang and Anderko [54]. The correlation, given by Eq.…”

Section: Thermal Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Here, we present a simple correlation for the thermal conductivity of pure water. This is then used to extend a correlation for the thermal conductivity of seawater, previously developed by Sharqawy [34], to elevated pressures. Results are validated against results of a theoretical model for the thermal conductivity of seawater reported by Wang and Anderko [54].…”

Section: Thermal Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sharqawy [34] developed a correlation for fresh water thermal conductivity valid within a temperature range of 0 °C -99 °C and a pressure of P 0 = 0.1 MPa. His correlation was simpler than the one provided by IAPWS [55] and has a maximum deviation of ±0.06 % from IAPWS [55].…”

Section: Thermal Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 25 shows the variation of the thermal conductivity of fresh water with the pressure and temperature within their validity ranges. Sharqawy [34] developed an empirical correlation (based on his experimental measurements) for the thermal conductivity of seawater given as a ratio of fresh water to seawater (k w /k sw ) thermal conductivities at atmospheric pressure for temperatures 0-90 °C and salinities 0-120 g/kg:…”

Section: Thermal Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Natural seawater was selected as most experimental studies [5,[32][33][34] for high salinity seawater used seawater containing calcium with the precipitation of calcium being suppressed in experiments through pH control. Only studies conducted by the National Engineering Laboratory (NEL) [30,31,35] used "Ca-free" artificial seawater.…”

Section: Vapor Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermophysical properties of seawater: A review and new correlations that include pressure dependence

et al. 2016

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In a previous paper, the authors have given correlations for seawater thermophysical properties as functions of temperature and salinity, but only for near atmospheric pressures. Seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) systems operate routinely at pressures of 6 MPa or more; however, experimental data for seawater properties at elevated pressures (P = 0.1-12 MPa) are limited to a salinity of 56 g/kg. To accurately model and design SWRO and thermal desalination systems, a reliable method of estimating the effect of pressure on seawater properties is required. In this work, we present this method and new correlations for seawater thermophysical properties that are valid within the range: t = 0-120 °C, S = 0-120 g/kg, and P = 0-12 MPa. Seawater isothermal compressibility data, available until a salinity of 56 g/kg, were used to develop a correlation for compressibility that is extrapolated to 160 g/kg. Thermodynamic identities were then used to develop accurate pressure dependent correlations for seawater: density, isobaric expansivity, specific heat capacity, enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs energy. New correlations were proposed for 2 surface tension and osmotic coefficient were reviewed. Uncertainty bounds were calculated for each correlation.

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Section: Thermal Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Thermal Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Thermal Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Thermal Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vapor Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermophysical properties of seawater: A review and new correlations that include pressure dependence

et al. 2016

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Atomic Dispersed Co on NC@Cu Core‐Shells for Solar Seawater Splitting

Sun,

Cheng,

Jing

et al. 2024

Advanced Materials

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With freshwater resources becoming increasingly scarce, the photocatalytic seawater splitting for hydrogen production has garnered widespread attention. In this study, a novel photocatalyst consisting of a Cu core coated is introduced with N‐doped C and decorated with single Co atoms (Co‐NC@Cu) for solar to hydrogen production from seawater. This catalyst, without using noble metals or sacrificial agents, demonstrates superior hydrogen production effficiency of 9080 µmolg−1h−1, i.e., 4.78% solar‐to‐hydrogen conversion efficiency, and exceptional long‐term stability, operating over 340 h continuously. The superior performance is attributed to several key factors. First, the focus‐light induced photothermal effect enhances redox reaction capabilities, while the salt‐ions enabled charge polarization around catalyst surfaces extends charge carrier lifetime. Furthermore, the Co─NC@Cu exhibits excellent broad light absorption, promoting photoexcited charge production. Theoretical calculations reveal that Co─NC acts as the active site, showing low energy barriers for reduction reactions. Additionally, the formation of a strong surface electric field from the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of Cu nanoparticles further reduces energy barriers for redox reactions, improving seawater splitting activity. This work provides valuable insights into intergrating the reaction environment, broad solar absorption, LSPR, and active single atoms into a core‐shell photocatalyst design for efficient and robust solar‐driven seawater splitting.

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Dynamic Mineralization: Low‐Temperature, Rapid, and Multidirectional Process to Encapsulate Polyether‐Ether‐Ketone with Carbonate‐Rich Hydroxyapatite for Osseointegration

Lui

Mobbs

Wang

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Inter

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Polyether‐ether‐ketone (PEEK) is one of the key materials used to fabricate intervertebral spacers due to its mechanical similarity to bone and non‐interference with imaging. However, its surface chemistry limits osseointegration, while its chemical unreactivity and low glass transition/melting temperature poses technical challenges to the application of coatings conducive to bone growth. The present work applies nature‐inspired interfacial and surface chemistry processes to encapsulate PEEK with nanocrystalline carbonate‐rich hydroxyapatite (C‐Ap), a bioactive mineral valued for its chemical/structural similarity to bone mineral and its bioresorbability. This technique is distinguished from previous work by the combined features of low‐temperature, multidirectional/rapid application, and additive‐free processing. The resultant nanocrystalline C‐Ap coating encapsulates PEEK, indicating suitability with standard and state‐of‐the‐art spacers, made by additive/subtractive techniques. A precursor CaCO3 layer is deposited on PEEK by nacre‐inspired convective self‐assembly, followed by a travertine‐inspired rapid (10 min) cold‐sintering treatment. The CaCO3 layer is converted to C‐Ap in phosphate buffered saline through dissolution‐recrystallization processes inspired by the hydrated layer of bone. The coatings exhibit contact pressures that are an order of magnitude higher than coatings deposited by the biomimetic method. There is potential for application to other orthopaedic materials and incorporation of biologics throughout the coating structure for sustained release.

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New correlations for seawater and pure water thermal conductivity at different temperatures and salinities

Cited by 58 publications

References 20 publications

Thermophysical properties of seawater: A review and new correlations that include pressure dependence

Thermophysical properties of seawater: A review and new correlations that include pressure dependence

Atomic Dispersed Co on NC@Cu Core‐Shells for Solar Seawater Splitting

Dynamic Mineralization: Low‐Temperature, Rapid, and Multidirectional Process to Encapsulate Polyether‐Ether‐Ketone with Carbonate‐Rich Hydroxyapatite for Osseointegration

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