New Crinoids (Echinodermata) From the Llandovery (Lower Silurian) of the British Isles

Fearnhead, Fiona E.; Donovan, Stephen K.

doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2007.00681.x

Cited by 15 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Because Eopetalocrinus is the oldest record of the family, hypothesized potential evolution trends among Eopetalocrinus, Petalocrinus, Sinopetalocrinus, and Spirocrinus in South China. Significantly, Fearnhead and Donovan (2007) reported new articulated specimens of Petalocrinus from the British Isles, confirming the crown morphology of this genus.…”

Section: History Of Studysupporting

confidence: 55%

Chinese origin and radiation of the Palaeozoic crinoid family Petalocrinidae

Mao

Lin

et al. 2015

Palaeoworld

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The Ordovician to Devonian family Petalocrinidae includes 28 species belonging to 5 genera. This family is unique because the arm plates are fused into a large fan or cylinder. Paleobiogeographic occurrences of this family include Laurentia, Baltica, Avalonia, South China, Sibumasu, and Perunica blocks. The family has the oldest petalocrinids from China. An early radiation of this clade resulted in three genera during the Llandovery of China. Petalocrinus became cosmopolitan during the Llandovery and Wenlock, and the youngest genus is present in the Lower Devonian of the Czech Republic. Taxonomic determination for the Petalocrinidae is based on the fused arm plates instead of cup plates. The diverse morphology of these arm plates suggests a variety of aerosol suspension-feeding modes may have been used by petalocrinids.

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Section: History Of Studysupporting

confidence: 55%

Chinese origin and radiation of the Palaeozoic crinoid family Petalocrinidae

Mao

Lin

et al. 2015

Palaeoworld

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“…Instead, their fossil record is almost entirely known from the large fused secundibrachial plates. Thus, the genera and species of the Petalocrinidae are based on the morphology of fused arm plates instead of aboral cup plates (Fearnhead and Donovan, 2007a), which is unusual among crinoids. In the few specimens preserved with complete crowns, the second primibrachial characters are consistent within an individual.…”

Section: Systematic Paleontologymentioning

confidence: 99%

New taxa and phyletic evolution of the Aeronian (Llandovery, Silurian) Petalocrinidae (Echinodermata, Crinoidea) in Guizhou, South China Block

Mao

Ausich

et al. 2017

J. Paleontol.

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Abstract.-Systematic paleontology of three new species of Petalocrinidae (Crinoidea) are documented from the carbonate-dominated units of the Shihniulan and equivalent Leijiatun formations (Llandovery, Silurian) of the Baisha, Fengxiang, and Shuibatang sections in Guizhou (China). New taxa are from the Upper Yangtze Epicontinental Sea of the South China Block. The new taxa include Petalocrinus stenopetalus new species, Spirocrinus circularis new species, and S. dextrosus new species. They have a narrow spatial and temporal (Aeronian) distribution. Evolutionary patterns of the four genera of Petalocrinidae are outlined based on the specialized characters of the fused arm plates. Phylogenetic analysis was used to assess morphological relationships within the Petalocrinidae. Petalocrinus inferior represents the plesiomorphic condition for the group and nests as a sister group of P. stenopetalus n. sp. and the Spirocrinus species used in this analysis and the clade exclusively comprised of Sinopetalocrinus. The phylogenetic analysis suggests that Petalocrinus, as currently defined, might be a paraphyletic genus.

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“…A rheophilic rather than rheophobic life habit can be envisaged for many, perhaps most extinct crinoids, although there are exceptions (for example, the Silurian cladid Petalocrinus Weller & Davidson; Fearnhead & Donovan 2007, p. 912, text‐fig. 5).…”

Section: The Crinoid In Its Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The poorly illustrated crinoid

Donovan

2011

LET

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Donovan, S.K. 2011: The poorly illustrated crinoid. Lethaia, Vol. 44, pp. 125–135. Artistic licence is kept under firm control when restoring fossil tetrapods and their natural environments, but the same care is not always applied to reconstructions of ancient invertebrates. Selected renderings of fossil crinoids illustrate grossly inaccurate skeletal geometry and outmoded ideas of palaeoautecology. Together, these combine to give the public an incorrect impression of what a fossil crinoid looked like and how it lived, in some instances inferior to what was possible in the 19th century. The reason why crinoids receive such poor service from artists is, in part, probably due to their being exotic; humans and other tetrapods are a common part of our experience, whereas stalked crinoids, although extant, can only be seen in life with the aid of a research submersible in deep water (>100 m). Crinoids also have a complex endoskeleton that requires care in illustration. They are unusual creatures in an alien environment even at the present day. But echinoderm palaeontologists need to be more energetic in promoting the correct depiction of ancient species. □Crinoidea, illustration, morphology, palaeoenvironments, reconstruction.

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New Crinoids (Echinodermata) From the Llandovery (Lower Silurian) of the British Isles

Abstract: British Llandovery crinoids remain poorly known.

Cited by 15 publications

References 28 publications

Chinese origin and radiation of the Palaeozoic crinoid family Petalocrinidae

Chinese origin and radiation of the Palaeozoic crinoid family Petalocrinidae

New taxa and phyletic evolution of the Aeronian (Llandovery, Silurian) Petalocrinidae (Echinodermata, Crinoidea) in Guizhou, South China Block

The poorly illustrated crinoid

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