New cytochalasin from<i>Rosellinia sanctae-cruciana</i>, an endophytic fungus of<i>Albizia lebbeck</i>

Sharma, Nisha; Kushwaha, Manoj; Arora, Divya; Jain, Shreyans K.; Singamaneni, Venugopal; Sharma, Sunny; Shankar, Ravi; Bhushan, Shashi; Gupta, Prasoon; Jaglan, Sundeep

doi:10.1111/jam.13764

Cited by 34 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…To determine whether A. fischeri or X. cubensis produced the cytochalasin congeners isolated from the co-culture, a combination of genome mining and mass spectrometry was used. Cytochalasins are a wide structural class of mycotoxins and are very common in Xylariales species (Chinworrungsee et al, 2001; Chen et al, 2011; Wei et al, 2015; Sharma et al, 2018). To attempt to determine which organism was producing cytochalasin D during the co-culture experiment, we searched for genes orthologous to a previously described biosynthetic gene cluster responsible for cytochalasin E production in Aspergillus clavatus (Qiao et al, 2011).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping the Fungal Battlefield: Using in situ Chemistry and Deletion Mutants to Monitor Interspecific Chemical Interactions Between Fungi

et al. 2019

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Fungi grow in competitive environments, and to cope, they have evolved strategies, such as the ability to produce a wide range of secondary metabolites. This begs two related questions. First, how do secondary metabolites influence fungal ecology and interspecific interactions? Second, can these interspecific interactions provide a way to “see” how fungi respond, chemically, within a competitive environment? To evaluate these, and to gain insight into the secondary metabolic arsenal fungi possess, we co-cultured Aspergillus fischeri , a genetically tractable fungus that produces a suite of mycotoxins, with Xylaria cubensis , a fungus that produces the fungistatic compound and FDA-approved drug, griseofulvin. To monitor and characterize fungal chemistry in situ , we used the droplet-liquid microjunction-surface sampling probe (droplet probe). The droplet probe makes a microextraction at defined locations on the surface of the co-culture, followed by analysis of the secondary metabolite profile via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Using this, we mapped and compared the spatial profiles of secondary metabolites from both fungi in monoculture versus co-culture. X. cubensis predominantly biosynthesized griseofulvin and dechlorogriseofulvin in monoculture. In contrast, under co-culture conditions a deadlock was formed between the two fungi, and X. cubensis biosynthesized the same two secondary metabolites, along with dechloro-5′-hydroxygriseofulvin and 5′-hydroxygriseofulvin, all of which have fungistatic properties, as well as mycotoxins like cytochalasin D and cytochalasin C. In contrast, in co-culture, A. fischeri increased the production of the mycotoxins fumitremorgin B and verruculogen, but otherwise remained unchanged relative to its monoculture. To evaluate that secondary metabolites play an important role in defense and territory establishment, we co-cultured A. fischeri lacking the master regulator of secondary metabolism laeA with X. cubensis . We found that the reduced secondary metabolite biosynthesis of the Δ laeA strain of A. fischeri eliminated the organism’s ability to compete in co-culture and led to its displacement by X. cubensis . These results demonstrate the potential of in situ chemical analysis and deletion mutant approaches for shedding light on the ecological roles of secondary metabolites and how they influence fungal ecological strategies; co-culturing may also stimulate the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites that are not produced in monoculture in the laboratory.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping the Fungal Battlefield: Using in situ Chemistry and Deletion Mutants to Monitor Interspecific Chemical Interactions Between Fungi

et al. 2019

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“…The internal transcribed spacer region of rDNA (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) was amplified with the universal primers ITS1 (5'-TCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGG-3') and ITS4 (5'-TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC-3'). Details of PCR reaction can be found in Sharma et al [15]. The PCR products were purified and sequenced by Sangon Biotech Co. Ltd. (China).…”

Section: Molecular Identification Of the Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioprospecting of Novel and Bioactive Metabolites from Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Rubber Tree Ficus elastica Leaves

Ding¹,

Tao²,

Wang³

et al. 2019

Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology

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Endophytic fungi are an important component of plant microbiota, and have the excellent capacity for producing a broad variety of bioactive metabolites. These bioactive metabolites not only affect the survival of the host plant, but also provide valuable lead compounds for novel drug discovery. In this study, forty-two endophytic filamentous fungi were isolated from Ficus elastica leaves, and further identified as seven individual taxa by ITS-rDNA sequencing. The antimicrobial activity of these endophytic fungi was evaluated against five pathogenic microorganisms. Two strains, Fes1711 (Penicillium funiculosum) and Fes1712 (Trichoderma harzianum), displayed broad-spectrum bioactivities. Our following study emphasizes the isolation, identification and bioactivity testing of chemical metabolites produced by T. harzianum Fes1712. Two new isocoumarin derivatives (1 and 2), together with three known compounds (3-5) were isolated, and their structures were elucidated using NMR and MS. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli. Our findings reveal that endophytic fungi from the rubber tree F. elastica leaves exhibit unique characteristics and are potential producers of novel natural bioactive products.

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“…A species of Rosellinia, which is the second largest genus in the Xylariaceae, was recently described to produce a novel cytochalasin, jammosporin A (7) [22], along with other known cytochalasans. The producer strain is an endoypte that was tentatively identified as "R. sanctaecruciana" by sequencing of the ITS nrDNA (see Future Outlook Section for the validity of this approach).…”

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confidence: 99%

Recent progress in biodiversity research on the Xylariales and their secondary metabolism

Becker

Stadler

2020

J Antibiot

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The families Xylariaceae and Hypoxylaceae (Xylariales, Ascomycota) represent one of the most prolific lineages of secondary metabolite producers. Like many other fungal taxa, they exhibit their highest diversity in the tropics. The stromata as well as the mycelial cultures of these fungi (the latter of which are frequently being isolated as endophytes of seed plants) have given rise to the discovery of many unprecedented secondary metabolites. Some of those served as lead compounds for development of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. Recently, the endophytic Xylariales have also come in the focus of biological control, since some of their species show strong antagonistic effects against fungal and other pathogens. New compounds, including volatiles as well as nonvolatiles, are steadily being discovered from these ascomycetes, and polythetic taxonomy now allows for elucidation of the life cycle of the endophytes for the first time. Moreover, recently high-quality genome sequences of some strains have become available, which facilitates phylogenomic studies as well as the elucidation of the biosynthetic gene clusters (BGC) as a starting point for synthetic biotechnology approaches. In this review, we summarize recent findings, focusing on the publications of the past 3 years.

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New cytochalasin fromRosellinia sanctae-cruciana, an endophytic fungus ofAlbizia lebbeck

Abstract: Rosellinia sanctae-cruciana represents an interesting source of a new compound with bioactive potential as a therapeutic agent against a human leukaemia cancer cell line (MOLT-4).

Cited by 34 publications

References 35 publications

Mapping the Fungal Battlefield: Using in situ Chemistry and Deletion Mutants to Monitor Interspecific Chemical Interactions Between Fungi

Mapping the Fungal Battlefield: Using in situ Chemistry and Deletion Mutants to Monitor Interspecific Chemical Interactions Between Fungi

Bioprospecting of Novel and Bioactive Metabolites from Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Rubber Tree Ficus elastica Leaves

Recent progress in biodiversity research on the Xylariales and their secondary metabolism

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