New Developments in Textile Coloration

The roles of polymer relaxation phenomena, aqueous dye solubility and the physical properties of water in the mechanism of adsorption of a disperse dye on poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibres: Part 4 further aspects related to polymer relaxation phenomena

“…The observation (Figure 1) that uptake of the commercial disperse dye occurred at the lowest dyeing temperature used, namely 30°C, and increased with increasing temperature up to 130°C, for both cotton and PA 66 fabrics, accords with the fundamental hypothesis of the free volume model of dye diffusion 32 (see 4,5,33–36 for discussions).…”

“…Despite the many differences between cotton, PA 66 and PET fibres, it is widely assumed that the mechanism of disperse dye adsorption described earlier in the case of PET fibres 2 applies to each of these three types of textile fibre (eg, [4][5][6][7][8] ). This all-encompassing mechanistic assumption therefore tacitly presupposes that the manner by which disperse dyes interact with PET, cotton and PA 66 substrates is identical, which implies that the particular physico-chemical characteristics responsible for disperse dye-fibre substantivity and the forces of interaction that govern both the diffusivity of the dyes and their adsorption within the different types of fibre, are also identical.…”

Sorption of Perchloroethylene and Toluene by Wool and Other Textiles: Influence of Co-solvents

“…Probably the accelerated uptake of PER by textiles from mixtures containing methanol is a general phenomenon. Other co-solvents (e.g., water and methylene chloride) also promote the uptake of PER by polyester,' I and the enhanced dyeing of polyester from PER baths when a small amount of water is added [9,10] [ 1,15]. In this study, we investigated the extent to which heat treatments cause toluene and PER to be removed from wool.…”

“…The greater permeability of wool and other textiles to toluene and PER due to the presence of small amounts of methanol or of water provides an explanation for the improvements observed in solvent dyeing with PER when small amounts of co-solvent are added [9] and for the importance of moisture content in solvent dyeing of wool [7]. The ability of wool to retain large amounts of hydrophobic solvents on drying may permit the development of alternative finishing procedures.…”

“…Review articles by Lewis [7] and Peters and Miles [9] have indicated the dependence of various solvent dyeing methods on the moisture content of the substrate. The dyeing of wool from PER/acetic acid mixtures [2,3] has been discussed [4,8] in terms of the water in the system influencing the uptake of acetic acid by the wool.…”