New Developments in the Chemistry and Biology of the Bioactive Constituents of Tanshen

Wang, Xihong; Morris‐Natschke, Susan L.; Lee, Kuo‐Hsiung

doi:10.1002/chin.200719248

Cited by 59 publications

(81 citation statements)

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“…However, its narrow effectiveconcentration range ( Figure 4D) and its sedative activity 22 as a potential side effect make the compound less attractive for further development. As noted earlier, 10,13,24 tanshinone IIA has been identified as a predominant bioactive constituent of danshen and developed as a prescription drug for cardio-and cerebrovascular disorders. We therefore chose to focus on this specific compound for additional experiments.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Tanshinone IIA Exhibits Anticonvulsant Activity in Zebrafish and Mouse Seizure Models

Buenafe

Orellana-Paucar

Maes

et al. 2013

ACS Chem. Neurosci.

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Danshen or Chinese red sage (Salvia miltiorrhiza, Bunge) is used by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) practitioners to treat neurological, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular disorders and is included in some TCM formulations to control epileptic seizures. In this study, acetonic crude extracts of danshen inhibited pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizure activity in zebrafish larvae. Subsequent zebrafish bioassay-guided fractionation of the extract resulted in the isolation of four major tanshinones, which suppressed PTZ-induced activity to varying degrees. One of the active tanshinones, tanshinone IIA, also reduced c-fos expression in the brains of PTZ-exposed zebrafish larvae. In rodent seizure models, tanshinone IIA showed anticonvulsive activity in the mouse 6-Hz psychomotor seizure test in a biphasic manner and modified seizure thresholds in a complex manner for the mouse i.v. PTZ seizure assay. Interestingly, tanshinone IIA is used as a prescription drug in China to address cerebral ischemia in patients. Here, we provide the first in vivo evidence demonstrating that tanshinone IIA has anticonvulsant properties as well. KEYWORDS: Tanshinone IIA, Salvia miltiorrhiza, zebrafish PTZ model, mouse seizure models, pentylenetetrazol E pilepsy affects approximately 60 million people worldwide, of whom 30% suffer from pharmacoresistant seizures. The economics of maintaining a cost-effective therapeutic regimen hinge on its long-term efficacy and the probability of patients developing treatment-resistant seizures or possible side-effects ranging from sedation to Steven−Johnson syndrome.1 To address such issues, there is an ongoing hunt for new antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) with novel mechanisms of action and with minimal or no side-effects.There is a resurgence of interest in exploring plant, microbial, and marine resources used in traditional medicine for potential drug leads. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 70−80% of the population in developing and developed countries have used, or depend on such therapies, which became the impetus for efforts in bioprospecting and drug development.2 Despite prevalent skepticism, as many as 25% of pharmaceutical drugs on the market are plant-based and were discovered through investigations on traditional or folk medicine practiced by different cultures.1,2 The rationale behind this approach in drug discovery is that small molecules isolated or derived from natural sources offer a more diverse set of structures compared with compounds synthesized through medicinal chemistry or combinatorial techniques. 2Each plant or marine extract can be treated as a library potential of hits, which can be screened using an appropriate medium-to high-throughput in vivo model such as zebrafish (Danio rerio), a freshwater teleost of the Cyprinidae family.3,4 In screening for potential hits and leads for AED development, we have previously described the use of larval zebrafish as a platform for pinpointing AED-like activity of small molecules isolated from plant sources.3,4 ...

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Tanshinone IIA Exhibits Anticonvulsant Activity in Zebrafish and Mouse Seizure Models

Buenafe

Orellana-Paucar

Maes

et al. 2013

ACS Chem. Neurosci.

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“…Many biological studies have been carried out on this relatively abundant component. A water-soluble derivative of tanshinone, sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS), has in fact been tested clinically in coronary heart disease patients with positive results on causing coronary vasodilatation and inhibiting coronary artery spasm [3].…”

Section: T He Root Of Salvia Miltiorrhiza Is Known In China Asmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of tanshinone IIA on the noncovalent interaction between warfarin and human serum albumin studied by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

Liu

Wang

Cai

et al. 2008

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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Enhanced anticoagulation and/or even bleeding are often observed when patients on long-term warfarin (WAR) therapy consumed Danshen, a well-known medicinal herb in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). This study demonstrates that altered WAR metabolism, arising from its interaction with the active components in Danshen, played a significant role in this curative effect. Mass spectrometric techniques including ESI-ITMS (electrospray ionization ion-trap mass spectrometry) and ESI-TOF (time-of-flight)-MS have been developed for the study of such drug-herb interactions. The experimental approach involved a detailed analysis and comparison of WAR metabolites in vivo from blood or urine of rats that had been orally administrated with WAR, either singly or together with the representative bioactive component of Danshen-lipid soluble TIIA (Tanshinon IIA), and a study of the interaction of human serum albumin (HSA), WAR, and water-soluble sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS) in vitro. Results demonstrate that TIIA accelerates the metabolic rate of WAR, whereas STS displaces WAR from the WAR-HSA complex, resulting in an increase of free WAR concentration in blood. It is suggested that the elevated level and enhanced metabolism of WAR is responsible for the over-anticoagulation effect observed. (J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2008, 19, 1568 -1575

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“…The active components of Dan-shen could be classified as lipid-soluble and water-soluble ones, and the former are main tanshinones, such as tanshinone I, tanshinone II and cryptotanshinone (Wang et al, 2007) , which show a variety of biological activities such as antioxidant, increasing coronary flow, protecting the myocardium against ischaemia and etc (Li et al, 2008). The ever-increasing demand for Dan-shen in international market has stimulated the improvement of cultivation practices of S. miltiorrhiza.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

La Dramaticaly Enhances the Accumulation of Tanshinones in Salvia Miltiorrhiza Hairy Root Cultures

Zhou¹,

Fang²,

Wang³

et al. 2012

ESR

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The accumulation of tanshinones (tanshinone I, tanshinone II and cryptotanshinone) and the expression of key enzymes (HMGR， HMGS， KSL， DXR， CMK) of tanshinones biosynthetic pathways in Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy root cultures induced by La elicitor were investigated in this paper. La at 0.01mmol·L -1 and 0.1mmol·L -1 obviously stimulated the expression of HMGR on day 1 after treatment. The activity of HMGS and KSL was enhanced by La treatment at the earlier stage of the elicitation treatment and declined gradually at later stage. The activity of CMK was significantly improved with the treatment of La at dilution of 0.01mmol·L -1 on day 1 after treatment. La at 0.01mmol·L -1 and 0.1mmol·L -1 improved the activity of DXR by 161.8% and 378.4% respectively on day 3 after treatment. The content of tanshinone I was markedly enhanced by La at 0.01mmol·L -1 and 0.1mmol·L -1 on day 1 after treatment. La at 0.01mmol·L -1 enhanced the content of tanshinone IIA, which was estimated to be 40.9% higher than the control. The content of cryptotanshinone was significantly improved by 92.4% and 71.5% respectively on day 1 and 3 after treatment with La at 0.01mmol·L -1 , while it was reduced by La at 0.01mmol·L -1 , 0.1mmol·L -1 and 1mmol·L -1 7 days after treatment. In summary the accumulation of tanshinones and expression of key enzymes of tanshinones biosynthetic pathways were improved by La elicitor with lower dose while inhibited with higher dose. And the effect of La on the accumulation of tanshinones lagged behind its effect on the expression of key enzyme gene.

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New Developments in the Chemistry and Biology of the Bioactive Constituents of Tanshen

Abstract: ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.

Cited by 59 publications

References 1 publication

Tanshinone IIA Exhibits Anticonvulsant Activity in Zebrafish and Mouse Seizure Models

Tanshinone IIA Exhibits Anticonvulsant Activity in Zebrafish and Mouse Seizure Models

Effect of tanshinone IIA on the noncovalent interaction between warfarin and human serum albumin studied by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

La Dramaticaly Enhances the Accumulation of Tanshinones in Salvia Miltiorrhiza Hairy Root Cultures

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