In this paper, carbon nanotube models for high-frequency interconnect applications are studied applying electromagnetic and circuit approaches. A first validation of both models gives a better understanding of carbon nanotubes behaviors in RF. The complex surface impedance used in this paper is derived from Hanson's conductivity in order to take in consideration the quantum capacitance and all other components existing in nano-scale world. A study of CNT inter-coupling is then possible within a transmission line configuration above a ground plane. In future devices, nano-interconnect based on CNTs will be gathered within bundles, a better comprehension of coupling inside and around this bundle allows developing complex CNT bundle models. A RF device approach using CNT bundle models is brought at the end of this paper.
IntroductionAfter many years of research on the use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for RF applications, every day the state of art becomes closer of industrial constraints. Consequently, the use of CNTs for RF interconnects is now possible and it is now necessary to develop new modeling approach with targeting integration in CAD software. The future of interconnects in RF applications made by conventional materials as copper or gold is promised to meet several difficulties in a nano-scale. Indeed, electromigration phenomena and low current density appear with usual metals when their sizes decrease. The excellent mechanical, electrical and thermal properties of carbon nanotubes permit to avoid this phenomenon [1, 2]. However, not only the study of CNT behavior itself is necessary but his behavior inside a real environment too.In this work, both electromagnetic and circuit models are studied and improved from literature. Coupling existing between CNTs inside and around a bundle is studied. RF structures developed with CNTs are now able to reach a high degree of complexity with the proposed models. Thus, we are able to simulate and implement in device models long singlewall (SWCNTs), multi-walls (MWCNTs) carbon nanotubes, SWCNT and MWCNT bundles.In recent literature [3][4][5][6], number of studies develop CNT bundle models based on the analytical study of carbon nanotubes. Thus, a first approach of CNT bundles behavior is given by all these works, but only a few performed EM simulations in the same time to get the impact of each component. Here is done a fine study of these parameters to simplify the equivalent models of CNT bundles.