New electrorheological fluid obtained from mercaptosilsesquioxane-modified silicate suspensions

Ionic liquid-based organically modified silica for the development of new electrorheological fluids

“…The procedure used in this work is interesting as it enables the synthesis of silica particles and immobilization of the IL-TMOS precursor in one-pot step. The morphology with a rough surface is very interesting for ERF because it gives stronger ER effect compared to a smooth surface [16,[39][40]. OH silanol groups [43].…”

“…Another interesting approach involves the use of organically modified silica (ORMOSIL) to develop stable dispersions and increase the polarizability. In this context, silica bearing amino- [9], cyano- [9], and more recently mercapto groups [16] were used for the development of ERF.…”

Hybrid polyaniline-coated sepiolite nanofibers for electrorheological fluid applications

“…The electrorheological response of the dispersion containing 50:50s and PAni fibers increases strongly with increasing electric field at low shear rate. The correlation of the yield stress and the electric field strength (E) can be represented as [26][27][28] τ y ∝ E α According to the literature, α = 2, corresponds to the polarization model and α equal 1.5 to the conduction model [29,30] A linear relation between the yield stress τy and the electric field can be the signature of the polarization of polar molecules at the surface of the particles, as found in the giant electrorheological effect [31]. This behavior is also often attributed to the saturation of the local electric field due to the exponential increase of conductivity in the gap between two particles [29,32].…”

Stimuli-Responsive Polymers and Colloids under Electric and Magnetic Fields

“…Among these, electric and magnetic stimuli-responsive systems have attracted considerable attention because of their easy controllability and industrial needs. Suspensions containing electro-responsive and magneto-responsive particles are often referred to as electrorheological (ER) or magnetorheological (MR) fluids [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25], respectively, in which the ER fluid generally consists OPEN ACCESS of dielectric polarizable particles dispersed in an insulating medium, whereas its magnetic analogue, the MR fluid, is typically based on magnetizable particles dispersed in a carrier medium. When exposed to an electric field, the suspended ER particles become electrically polarized, resulting in the formation of a fibrous structure of originally uniformly distributed particles.…”