New Enterovirus Type Associated With Epidemic of Aseptic Meningitis and/or Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease

Blomberg, Jonas; Lycke, Erik; Ahlfors, Karin; Johnsson, Torsten; Wolontis, Sigvard; Zeipel, G. Von

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(74)91684-5

Cited by 163 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Isolates of enterovirus 71 are often difficult to neutralize, which has created problems in recognition of this important pathogen. Successful neutralization of the Swedish strains of enterovirus 71 depended on the use of monodispersed virus (5,45 (42) to be the treatment of choice for routine typing of enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus types A7 and A16. Chloroform treatment was found to be effective with virus suspensions of low titer.…”

Section: Properties Of the Enterovirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

My Role in the Discovery and Classification of the Enteroviruses

Melnick

1996

Annu. Rev. Microbiol.

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The enteroviruses constitute one of the genera of the picornavirus family. The genus includes the polioviruses, the coxsackieviruses, and the echoviruses of humans, plus a number of enteroviruses of lower animals (e.g. monkeys, cattle, pigs, mice). Over 100 serotypes are recognized, of which the first to be discovered were the polioviruses. It was my good fortune to have been a scientist during the golden age of virology, when new techniques were being introduced into the field. These often led to the discovery of new viruses. This article details the isolation of the enteroviruses, their recognition as a separate genus of Picornaviridae, and my role in the process. Poliovirus, the most hazardous of the group, is almost gone from the world, but the other enteroviruses will be with us for some time. Several members of the Committee dealing with these agents-Enders, Sabin, Dalldorf, Syverton-have passed on, but the work of this Committee to which I was privileged to contribute will live long. CONTENTS

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Section: Properties Of the Enterovirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

My Role in the Discovery and Classification of the Enteroviruses

Melnick

1996

Annu. Rev. Microbiol.

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“…Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is one of the group of viruses that can give rise to the HFMD clinical syndrome (Blomberg et al, 1974). EV71 is a member of the Enterovirus genus of the Picornaviridae family.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overall codon usage pattern of enterovirus 71

R¹,

Liu²,

Wang³

et al. 2014

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a systemic illness in children and is usually caused by enterovirus 71 (EV71). To provide new insights into the genetic features of EV71 and the relationship between the overall codon usage pattern of this virus and that of humans, values for relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU), effective number of codons (ENC), codon adaptation index (CAI), and nucleotide composition were calculated and analyzed. The relationship between ENC values and (G+C) 3 % suggests that, although nucleotide composition plays an important role in shaping the overall codon usage pattern of this virus, other factors also affect this pattern. In addition, the negative correlation between the CAI value and (G+C) 3 % suggests that the secondary structure of the EV71 coding sequence caused by its nucleotide composition can affect gene expression. Moreover, there was no significant correlation between ENC and CAI, suggesting that gene expression does not play a role in shaping the overall codon usage pattern of EV71. The overall codon usage pattern of the EV71 virus is only partly similar to the general codon pattern of human, suggesting that, although EV71 has co-evolved with humans for extended periods, mutation pressure played an important role in shaping the virus's overall codon 337 ©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 13 (1): 336-343 (2014) Enterovirus 71 related to hand, foot and mouth disease usage pattern. These results revealed that the EV71 virus has developed a subtle strategy during evolution for adapting to environmental changes in its host cells solely by means of mutation pressure.

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“…In 1973 it was identified as an aetiological agent for hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), a childhood exanthema characterized by rashes on the palms and soles, oral ulcers and brief febrile illness, but cases of aseptic meningitis have also been observed [40]. In the middle of the 1970s it caused a few small outbreaks of aseptic meningitis in the USA, Europe and Australia [41][42][43][44], and two rather large outbreaks of polio-like disease in Bulgaria and Hungary that predominantly affected infants, with up to 21 % showing symptoms of paralysis, of which over a quarter were lethal [45][46][47].…”

Section: Enterovirus 71 and Coxsackievirus A16mentioning

confidence: 99%

Human picornaviruses associated with neurological diseases and their neutralization by antibodies

Anastasina

Domanska

Palm

et al. 2017

Journal of General Virology

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Picornaviruses are the most commonly encountered infectious agents in mankind. They typically cause mild infections of the gastrointestinal or respiratory tract, but sometimes also invade the central nervous system. There, they can cause severe diseases with long-term sequelae and even be lethal. The most infamous picornavirus is poliovirus, for which significant epidemics of poliomyelitis were reported from the end of the nineteenth century. A successful vaccination campaign has brought poliovirus close to eradication, but neurological diseases caused by other picornaviruses have increasingly been reported since the late 1990s. In this review we focus on enterovirus 71, coxsackievirus A16, enterovirus 68 and human parechovirus 3, which have recently drawn attention because of their links to severe neurological diseases. We discuss the clinical relevance of these viruses and the primary role of humoral immunity in controlling them, and summarize current knowledge on the neutralization of such viruses by antibodies.

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New Enterovirus Type Associated With Epidemic of Aseptic Meningitis and/or Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease

Cited by 163 publications

References 4 publications

My Role in the Discovery and Classification of the Enteroviruses

My Role in the Discovery and Classification of the Enteroviruses

Overall codon usage pattern of enterovirus 71

Human picornaviruses associated with neurological diseases and their neutralization by antibodies

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