New findings on polypyrrole chemical structure by XPS coupled to chemical derivatization labelling

Comparison of surface and bulk doping levels in chemical polypyrroles of low, medium and high conductivity

“…18,30,31 As can be seen, in all cases the single major N 1s core-level component at 399.9 eV (-NH-structure) is present accompanied by two high BE tails attributable to positively charged nitrogens (-NH Cstructure). 27 These peaks are assigned by Malitesta et al 34 to polaron (401.4 eV) and bipolaron (403.0 eV) structures. We do not observe any N 1s peak at 397.9 eV suggestive of the presence of deprotonated pyrrolylium or imine-like ( N-) structures.…”

Synthesis and characterization of polypyrrole doped with anionic spherical polyelectrolyte brushes

“…•+ -in the polaron charge carrier species, while the 2.8 eV higher binding energy (402.4 eV) peak can be assigned to =NH + -, a bipolaron charge carrier species [31]. Upon consideration of the literature, the nitrogen signal of dedoped PPy only has three peaks at about 397.8, 399.7, and 400.5 eV.…”

Tunable conjugated polymers for bacterial differentiation

“…Four dopants, or counter ions, were used to in situ electrochemically synthesise four types of polypyrrole film on gold coated silicon chips. The counter ions were chosen to be ranging from small negative ions (Cl) to medium sized ions (Tos and DBS) and a poly-anionic polymer (PSS), that all have been well characterised previously in the literature ` [42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49]. Sodium p-toluene-sulfonate (ToS) was obtained from Acros Organics (New Jersey, USA).…”