New Formulation of the Objective Function for Better Incorporation of 4D Seismic Data into Reservoir Models

Derfoul, Ratiba; Veiga, Sébastien da; Gout, C.; Guyader, Carole Le

doi:10.3997/2214-4609.20143182

ECMOR XIII - 13th European Conference on the Mathematics of Oil Recovery 2012

DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.20143182

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New Formulation of the Objective Function for Better Incorporation of 4D Seismic Data into Reservoir Models

Ratiba Derfoul¹,

Sébastien da Veiga²,

C. Gout³

et al.

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Cited by 3 publications

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Incorporating 4D Seismic Steam Chamber Location Information into Assisted History Matching for A SAGD Simulation

Hiebert¹,

Morrish

Card³

et al. 2013

All Days

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Modern assisted history matching tools allow an engineer to specify the uncertain parameters in a simulation dataset then perform an optimization to minimize the difference between observed field data and the corresponding simulation outputs. During this optimization, multiple simulations are run, with the uncertain parameters varying within the ranges specified by the engineer. The difference between the observed field data and the simulation output is measured by an objective function. Standard objective functions have been reported in the literature for the difference between observed and simulated production and injection rates, and for measurements in time and space done at observation wells. In this work we incorporate an additional objective function term that measures the difference between the observed and simulated steam chamber location and shape. In addition, the differences in 3D volumes were visualized, which lead to a better physical understanding of what parameters should be adjusted during a history match. For a steam injection process like Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD), 4D seismic may be used to determine where a steam chamber is located in a reservoir at a point in time. The objective function developed in this work measures the difference between an observed chamber's shape and location in the reservoir and the corresponding shape and location for the chamber indicated in the simulation output. The objective function is a binary mismatch function, checking each simulation grid block to see if the seismic chamber and the simulation chamber agree or disagree, and calculating the ratio of the total volume of disagreements over the total volume of agreements. This steam chamber mismatch function was included in an assisted history match performed on a well pair from Suncor Energy's SAGD project at Firebag. The inclusion of this additional information added additional constraints to the simulation model, leading to a conceptually more dependable history match and a better geological and dynamic characterization of the reservoir.

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Incorporating 4D Seismic Steam Chamber Location Information into Assisted History Matching for A SAGD Simulation

Hiebert¹,

Morrish

Card³

et al. 2013

All Days

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Evaluating the Importance of Geomechanical and Reservoir Properties When History Matching 4D Seismic Data in SAGD Wells

Hiebert¹,

Pathak²,

Lifshits³

et al. 2014

Day 1 Tue, June 10, 2014

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It is becoming increasingly common to use 4D Seismic surveys on SAGD projects to characterize the steam chamber size, shape and growth. The use of this type of survey in history matching SAGD simulation models has also grown significantly, allowing engineers to match not only the volumes, temperatures and pressures, but the shapes of the steam chambers as well. In the authors' experience, however, before 4D Seismic surveys can be used confidently to history match the steam chamber shapes, we need to understand what 4D seismic represents. Prior proposals suggest steam or gas chamber volume, stress change volume or temperature change volume. To investigate this, the current study examines the impact of various physical property changes impacting the surveys (in particular, geomechanical effects), so that the appropriate 4D seismic history matching criterion are established. To determine how the above factors impact the 4D seismic surveys, this study investigates the relative impact of various property changes that occur in-situ during the SAGD process, with the intent to determine what changes have the biggest impact on seismic velocity. A number of SAGD simulation runs were conducted using typical oil sands geology with fully coupled geomechanics. Afterwards, the change in pressure-wave velocity and shear-wave velocity at the simulation grid blocks at various times during the simulation was calculated. The property changes of temperature, pressure, stresses, saturations and fluid properties were also calculated, and then categorized in terms of the significance each factor has to the 4D Seismic data. This categorization serves to identify the appropriate SAGD history matching criterion, to improve the quality, confidence and predictability of a SAGD simulation model.

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Utilization of Time-Lapse Seismic Data to Semi Quantify Residual Oil Saturation by Karhunen-Loeve Transform and Neural Artificial Network during CSS

Yang

Gui

et al. 2016

SPE Europec Featured at 78th EAGE Conference and Exhibition

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Due to the nature of Cyclic steam stimulation (CSS), a steam chamber generated by CSS is not as consistent and detectable as SAGD's (steam assisted gravity drainage) one, which makes it challenging to predict the residual oil distribution and steam-unswept zones. Time-lapse seismic are a valuable and important method to monitor steam injection and soaking. During CSS process, rock-fluid densities and velocities are changed significantly during steam injection and oil production. These changes make time-lapse seismic monitoring feasible. The previous approaches were mainly about fluid contact determination, steam chamber supervision and field history matching. In this study, a new method using time-lapse seismic attribute differences is developed to semi quantify residual oil saturation and determine steam-unswept zones during thermal recovery. Twenty seismic attributes derived from time-lapse seismic data, which can sensitively reflect oil saturation changing, are selected as basic seismic attributes to quantify fluid saturation changes. The relationship between fluid properties and seismic attributes is complex and ambiguous. Only one seismic attribute difference between base data and monitored data is insufficient to reflect reservoir properties changes during thermal recovery process. In order to improve the accuracy of prediction, combinations of multiple seismic attributes differences are used to reflect rock-fluid properties changes such as oil saturation changes. The Karhunen-Loeve Transform is applied to squeeze twenty attributes into four new attributes by eliminating attributes correlation. Based on generated seismic attributes, the artificial neural network is implemented to illustrate the oil saturations changes, which is also constrained by the measured fluid reservoir data. Four attribute differences are tested to demonstrate the oil saturation changes. The best result only can partially match field production data. However, the residual oil saturation distribution generated by the proposed method can match the majority features of the field production data. This approach provides a reliable and valuable way to help operators monitor a CSS process and design infill well drilling.

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New Formulation of the Objective Function for Better Incorporation of 4D Seismic Data into Reservoir Models

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Incorporating 4D Seismic Steam Chamber Location Information into Assisted History Matching for A SAGD Simulation

Incorporating 4D Seismic Steam Chamber Location Information into Assisted History Matching for A SAGD Simulation

Evaluating the Importance of Geomechanical and Reservoir Properties When History Matching 4D Seismic Data in SAGD Wells

Utilization of Time-Lapse Seismic Data to Semi Quantify Residual Oil Saturation by Karhunen-Loeve Transform and Neural Artificial Network during CSS

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