New fossil and isotope evidence for the Pleistocene zoogeographic transition and hypothesized savanna corridor in peninsular Thailand

Suraprasit, Kantapon; Jongautchariyakul, Sutee; Yamee, Chotima; Pothichaiya, Cherdchan; Bocherens, Hervé

doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.105861

Cited by 28 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 126 publications

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“…110–12 ka BP) due to lowered sea levels 52 , our analyses of pseudodiploid X chromosomes suggest that the Bornean population started to become isolated already 300 ka BP, which is consistent with previous estimates based on mitogenome data 31 . At that time, the Sunda shelf was not completely submerged, with land linking mainland Asia with Sumatra and Borneo 53 . However, even though these regions were connected, a savannah corridor could have formed a geographical barrier for east-west dispersal of rainforest species such as Sumatran rhinoceros 54 , thereby limiting gene flow between Borneo and Sumatran/Malay Peninsula.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic insights into the conservation status of the world’s last remaining Sumatran rhinoceros populations

et al. 2021

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Small populations are often exposed to high inbreeding and mutational load that can increase the risk of extinction. The Sumatran rhinoceros was widespread in Southeast Asia, but is now restricted to small and isolated populations on Sumatra and Borneo, and most likely extinct on the Malay Peninsula. Here, we analyse 5 historical and 16 modern genomes from these populations to investigate the genomic consequences of the recent decline, such as increased inbreeding and mutational load. We find that the Malay Peninsula population experienced increased inbreeding shortly before extirpation, which possibly was accompanied by purging. The populations on Sumatra and Borneo instead show low inbreeding, but high mutational load. The currently small population sizes may thus in the near future lead to inbreeding depression. Moreover, we find little evidence for differences in local adaptation among populations, suggesting that future inbreeding depression could potentially be mitigated by assisted gene flow among populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic insights into the conservation status of the world’s last remaining Sumatran rhinoceros populations

et al. 2021

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“…4 ). During the periods of low sea levels of Plio-Pleistocene, the emergence of land bridges comprising of tropical forests and savannah corridors facilitated faunal dispersion between Indochina, Southeast Asia and the Sundaic islands 36 possibly through the Siva-Malayan, Sino-Malayan and Taiwan-Philippine Archipelago corridors 37 . These events are supported by the patterns of genetic differentiation observed in this study between the isolated HI and mainland populations of R. e. siamensis .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population genetics and evolutionary history of the endangered Eld’s deer (Rucervus eldii) with implications for planning species recovery

Ghazi

Sharma

Tuboi

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Eld's deer (Rucervus eldii) with three recognised subspecies (R. e. eldii, R. e. thamin, and R. e. siamensis) represents one of the most threatened cervids found in Southeast Asia. The species has experienced considerable range contractions and local extinctions owing to habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting, and illegal trade across its distribution range over the last century. Understanding the patterns of genetic variation is crucial for planning effective conservation strategies. This study investigated the phylogeography, divergence events and systematics of Eld's deer subspecies using the largest mtDNA dataset compiled to date. We also analysed the genetic structure and demographic history of R. e. eldii using 19 microsatellite markers. Our results showed that R. e. siamensis exhibits two divergent mtDNA lineages (mainland and Hainan Island), which diverged around 0.2 Mya (95% HPD 0.1–0.2), possibly driven by the fluctuating sea levels of the Early Holocene period. The divergence between R. e. eldii and R. e. siamensis occurred around 0.4 Mya (95% HPD 0.3–0.5), potentially associated with the adaptations to warm and humid climate with open grassland vegetation that predominated the region. Furthermore, R. e. eldii exhibits low levels of genetic diversity and small contemporary effective population size (median = 7, 4.7–10.8 at 95% CI) with widespread historical genetic bottlenecks which accentuates its vulnerability to inbreeding and extinction. Based on the observed significant evolutionary and systematic distance between Eld’s deer and other species of the genus Rucervus, we propose to classify Eld's deer (Cervus eldii) in the genus Cervus, which is in congruent with previous phylogenetic studies. This study provides important conservation implications required to direct the ongoing population recovery programs and planning future conservation strategies.

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“…Accordingly, the predation probably had a direct effect on which both of the goral species were forced to avoid closed habitats occupied by more diverse predators. Other predators that occupied an open habitat have been poorly known from the Late Pleistocene of Southeast Asia since spotted hyaenas possibly went extinct prior to MIS2 (see discussion in Suraprasit et al, 2015Suraprasit et al, , 2019. These gorals consequently maintained their preferred habitats in the different area as an open landscape where predation pressure was lower or minimal.…”

Section: Causes Of Local Extinction Of Himalayan Gorals In Thailandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Isotope Evidence on the Diet and Habitat Breadth of Pleistocene to Holocene Caprines in Thailand: Implications for the Extirpation and Conservation of Himalayan Gorals

et al. 2020

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Paleoecology of Southeast Asian Caprines human impacts on Thai ecosystems. In addition to the loss or reduction of grasslands after the latest Pleistocene when rainforests became dominant and besides the human hunting and predation pressure, the high interspecific competition likely contributed to the extirpation of Himalayan gorals in Thailand. Developing a strategic plan for the future biodiversity conservation, a long-term historical isotope approach allowed us to predict the contrasting habitat suitability, a lowland grassland, for these two threatened goral species as testified by their ecological persistence during the Pleistocene.

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New fossil and isotope evidence for the Pleistocene zoogeographic transition and hypothesized savanna corridor in peninsular Thailand

Cited by 28 publications

References 126 publications

Genomic insights into the conservation status of the world’s last remaining Sumatran rhinoceros populations

Genomic insights into the conservation status of the world’s last remaining Sumatran rhinoceros populations

Population genetics and evolutionary history of the endangered Eld’s deer (Rucervus eldii) with implications for planning species recovery

Long-Term Isotope Evidence on the Diet and Habitat Breadth of Pleistocene to Holocene Caprines in Thailand: Implications for the Extirpation and Conservation of Himalayan Gorals

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