New Glomeromycotan Taxa, Dominikia glomerocarpica sp. nov. and Epigeocarpum crypticum gen. nov. et sp. nov. From Brazil, and Silvaspora gen. nov. From New Caledonia

Abstract

Examination of fungal specimens collected in the Atlantic rain forest ecosystems of Northeast Brazil revealed many potentially new epigeous and semihypogeous glomerocarp-producing species of the phylum Glomeromycota. Among them were two fungi that formed unorganized epigeous glomerocarps with glomoid spores of almost identical morphology. The sole structure that distinguished the two fungi was the laminate layer 2 of their three-layered spore wall, which in spores of the second fungus crushed in PVLG-based mountants contracted and, consequently, transferred into a crown-like structure. Surprisingly, phylogenetic analyses of sequences of the 18S-ITS-28S nuc rDNA and the rpb1 gene indicated that these glomerocarps represent two strongly divergent undescribed species in the family Glomeraceae. The analyses placed the first in the genus Dominikia, and the second in a sister clade to the monospecific generic clade Kamienskia with Kamienskia bistrata. The first species was described here as Dominikia glomerocarpica sp. nov. Because D. glomerocarpica is the first glomerocarp-forming species in Dominikia, the generic description of this genus was emended. The very large phylogenetic distance and the fundamental morphological differences between the second species and K. bistrata suggested us to introduce a new genus, here named as Epigeocarpum gen. nov., and name the new species Epigeocarpum crypticum sp. nov. In addition, our analyses also focused on an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus originally described as Rhizophagus neocaledonicus, later transferred to the genus Rhizoglomus. The analyses indicated that this species does not belong to any of these two genera but represents a new clade at the rank of genus in the Glomeraceae, here described as Silvaspora gen. nov.

Glomus chinense and Dominikia gansuensis, two new Glomeraceae species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from high altitude in the Tibetan Plateau

“…The closest phylogenetic relative of D. gansuensis is D. glomerocarpica (Fig. 1), a recently described species from northeastern Brazil (Błaszkowski et al 2021a). The 18S-ITS-28S and RPB1 sequences of these species differ by 7-9% and 5-6%, respectively.…”

A new order, Entrophosporales, and three new Entrophospora species in Glomeromycota

“…The primer set consisted of two forward primers (RPB1-3F: GTC TTC GTG CAG TTT GGG A; RPB1-4F: CTA GGC CTG ATT GGA TGA T) and two reverse primers (RPB1-5R: ACG ATT TGT TTT GGT ACC AT; RPB1-5RN: TTC ATC TCA CCA TCA A). Characteristics of the primers and the PCR conditions are available in Błaszkowski et al (2021a) . To increase the chance to obtain a successful amplification of unknown sequences, the following approach was used to design the primers.…”

“…Sequences of each of the two loci generally separated even very closely related species (Krüger et al, 2012;Kohout et al, 2014;Stockinger et al, 2014). However, phylogenies reconstructed from concatenated sequences of the two unlinked loci (45S+rpb1) were more robust and revealed relationships unexposed when sequences of these two loci were analyzed separately (Błaszkowski et al, 2019(Błaszkowski et al, , 2021a(Błaszkowski et al, , 2015bYu et al, 2022).…”

Early Growth Performance of In Vitro Raised Melia volkensii Gürke Plantlets in Response to Beneficial Microorganisms under Semi-Arid Conditions

“…The spores were collected in clean water into a 50 mL beaker and were isolated under a dissecting microscope (Olympus SZ-STS). They were transferred to microscopic slides using forceps and mounted in Polyvinyl Alcohol, Lactic acid, Glycerol (PVLG) [ 19 ] and a combination of PVLG and Melzer’s reagent (1:1) [ 20 ]. Spores were identified under a compound microscope (Olympus CX21) using original descriptions, types of spore wall layers [ 21 ] and specialized AMF websites such as invam.wvu.edu, accessed on 9 May 2022.…”