New <i>Wiwaxia</i> material from the Tsinghsutung Formation (Cambrian Series 2) of Eastern Guizhou, China

Sun, Haijing; Zhao, Yuanlong; Jin, Peng; Yang, Yibo

doi:10.1017/s0016756813000216

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Furthermore, Wiwaxia is only known from Burgess Shale‐type Lagerstätten (Sun et al . ; Yang et al . ) and from small organic bits (Butterfield and Harvey ), which generally do not preserve any mineralized components, complicating detailed inference of its skeletal nature as biomineralized or not.…”

Section: Ediacaran Roots and Kimberellamentioning

confidence: 99%

The origins of molluscs

Vinther

2014

Palaeontology

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The interrelationships and evolutionary history of molluscs have seen great advances in the last decade. Recent phylogenetic studies have allowed alternative morphology-based evolutionary scenarios to be tested and, most significantly, shown that the aplacophorans are sister group to polyplacophorans (chitons), corroborating palaeontological and embryological evolutionary scenarios in which aplacophorans are secondarily simplified from a chiton-like ancestor. Aplacophoran morphology therefore does not represent the plesiomorphic condition for molluscs as a whole. The mollusc crown group radiated in the Early Cambrian, and rapidly thereafter, stem lineages to the major molluscan classes emerged: cephalopods, gastropods, bivalves (= pelecypods), monoplacophorans, rostroconchs (inferred stem scaphopods) and aculiferans. This attests to the fast, adaptive radiation of the crown group during the Cambrian explosion. Kimberella from the latest Ediacaran exhibits several molluscan traits, which justifies its position as a molluscan stem-group member, rather than as a more basal Lophotrochozoan. The interrelationships among the conchiferan molluscs are still a matter of contention and require further palaeontological and molecular phylogenetic scrutiny.

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Section: Ediacaran Roots and Kimberellamentioning

confidence: 99%

The origins of molluscs

Vinther

2014

Palaeontology

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“…Fossils occur in soft, weathered rock that is easily worked by hand tools, and has been intensively collected by a number of research groups since its discovery in 1984 (Hou et al, 2008), resulting in an exceptionally high number of soft-bodied taxa, although sampling biases are prominent (Zhao et al, 2012). (Peng et al, 2005;Steiner et al, 2005;Zhao et al, 2005;Hu et al, 2010;Sun et al, 2013), and the Mount Cap (Series 2), Pioche (Series 2-3), Spence (Series 3), Wheeler (Series 3), and Marjum (Series 3) deposits of Laurentia (Robison, 1991;Butterfield, 1994;Lieberman, 2003;Briggs et al, 2008). Preservation of anatomical detail in macrofossils is typically subsidiary to that found in Tier 1 deposits, and preservation is most often restricted to relatively robust anatomical tissues such as arthropod and worm cuticle, and algae, although important exceptions to this generalization do occur in Tier 2 deposits (Zhao et al, 2005;Briggs et al, 2008).…”

Section: ! a Proposed Rank Classification Of Burgess Shale-type Depositsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the distal portion of these settings, fossils may occur in great density, but exhibit very low overall taxonomic richness, and fossils of animals are rare (Gaines and Droser, 2010). These include the Kaili (Series 2-3), Balang (Series 2), and Tsinghsutung (Series 2) deposits of South China (Peng et al, 2005;Steiner et al, 2005;Zhao et al, 2005;Sun et al, 2013), and Pioche (Series 2-3), Spence (Series 3), Wheeler (Series 3), and Marjum (Series 3) deposits of Laurentia (Robison, 1991;Lieberman, 2003;Briggs et al, 2008;Webster et al, 2008). In many cases, beds deposited under supply-limited conditions are closely (mm-scale) interbedded with those deposited under decay-limited conditions (Gaines and Droser, 2003Wang et al, 2004;Webster et al, 2008;Caron et al, 2010;Lin et al, 2010;Gaines, 2011;Gaines et al, 2012b;Garson et al, 2012) although this is not expected to have affected preservation potential of fossils in the shallow burial environment, as discussed above.…”

Section: ! Burgess Shale-type Preservation In Space: What Factors Conmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burgess Shale-type Preservation and its Distribution in Space and Time

Gaines

2014

Paleontol. Soc. pap.

107

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Burgess Shale-type fossil assemblages provide a unique record of animal life in the immediate aftermath of the so-called “Cambrian explosion.” While most soft-bodied faunas in the rock record were conserved by mineral replication of soft tissues, Burgess Shale-type preservation involved the conservation of whole assemblages of soft-bodied animals as primary carbonaceous remains, often preserved in extraordinary anatomical detail. Burgess Shale-type preservation resulted from a combination of influences operating at both local and global scales that acted to drastically slow microbial degradation in the early burial environment, resulting in incomplete decomposition and the conservation of soft-bodied animals, many of which are otherwise unknown from the fossil record. While Burgess Shale-type fossil assemblages are primarily restricted to early and middle Cambrian strata (Series 2–3), their anomalous preservation is a pervasive phenomenon that occurs widely in mudstone successions deposited on multiple paleocontinents. Herein, circumstances that led to the preservation of Burgess Shale-type fossils in Cambrian strata worldwide are reviewed. A three-tiered rank classification of the more than 50 Burgess Shale-type deposits now known is proposed and is used to consider the hierarchy of controls that regulated the operation of Burgess Shale-type preservation in space and time, ultimately determining the total number of preserved taxa and the fidelity of preservation in each deposit. While Burgess Shale-type preservation is a unique taphonomic mode that ultimately was regulated by the influence of global seawater chemistry upon the early diagenetic environment, physical depositional (biostratinomic) controls are shown to have been critical in determining the total number of taxa preserved in fossil assemblages, and hence, in regulating many of the important differences among Burgess Shale-type deposits.

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“…Articulated specimens from Kaili, China may belong to W. corrugata (Sun et al . ) but have been proposed as a separate species, Wiwaxia taijiangensis (Zhao et al . ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Ontogeny, morphology and taxonomy of the soft‐bodied Cambrian ‘mollusc’ Wiwaxia

Smith

2013

Palaeontology

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The soft-bodied Cambrian organism Wiwaxia poses a taxonomic conundrum. Its imbricated dorsal scleritome suggests a relationship with the polychaete annelid worms, whereas its mouthparts and naked ventral surface invite comparison with the molluscan radula and foot. 476 new and existing specimens from the 505-Myr-old Burgess Shale cast fresh light on Wiwaxia's sclerites and scleritome. My observations illuminate the diversity within the genus and demonstrate that Wiwaxia did not undergo discrete moult stages; rather, its scleritome developed gradually, with piecewise addition and replacement of individually secreted sclerites. I recognize a digestive tract and creeping foot in Wiwaxia, solidifying its relationship with the contemporary Odontogriphus. Similarities between the scleritomes of Wiwaxia, halkieriids, Polyplacophora and Aplacophora hint that the taxa are related. A molluscan affinity is robustly established, and Wiwaxia provides a good fossil proxy for the ancestral aculiferanand perhaps molluscanbody plan.

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New Wiwaxia material from the Tsinghsutung Formation (Cambrian Series 2) of Eastern Guizhou, China

Cited by 12 publications

References 27 publications

The origins of molluscs

The origins of molluscs

Burgess Shale-type Preservation and its Distribution in Space and Time

Ontogeny, morphology and taxonomy of the soft‐bodied Cambrian ‘mollusc’ Wiwaxia

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